1、鎳氫電池的優勢

特定能量參數的明顯增加，并不是鎳氫電池在鎳鎘電池前的(de)唯一優(you)點(dian)。拒絕(jue)鎘意味著轉向環(huan)保產業。更容易(yi)解決處理(li)有缺(que)陷(xian)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)問題。與鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)池(chi)相比，所有世界領先的(de)電(dian)池(chi)公司都顯(xian)示出鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池(chi)的(de)這一優(you)勢(shi)并迅速增加產量(liang)。由于在陰極(ji)鎘電(dian)極(ji)上形(xing)成鎳(nie)酸鹽，鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池(chi)不具(ju)有鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)池(chi)的(de)“記憶效應”特性(xing)。但(dan)是(shi)，保持了與氧化鎳(nie)電(dian)極(ji)再充(chong)電(dian)相關的(de)效果。通過周期性(xing)地放(fang)電(dian)幾(ji)次至1V，可以消除鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)池(chi)觀察到的(de)放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)壓的(de)降低以及頻繁和長期的(de)再充(chong)電(dian)。一次放(fang)電(dian)就足夠了。然而，鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池(chi)不如鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)池(chi)，并將取代某些性(xing)能特征。

鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)較窄的(de)(de)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)范圍(wei)(wei)內有效工作，該工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)范圍(wei)(wei)與金屬氫(qing)(qing)(qing)化物電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)在(zai)非常高(gao)的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)率下有限的(de)(de)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)解吸相關。鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)工作溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度范圍(wei)(wei)較窄。大多(duo)(duo)數(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池不能(neng)在(zai)低于-10°C且(qie)低于+ 40°C的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度下運行(xing)，但在(zai)單獨一批電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池中，配方調整會延長溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度限制。安裝溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度保險絲或熱繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，以防止鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或過(guo)度充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中過(guo)熱，因為(wei)(wei)它(ta)會比(bi)鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時產生更多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)熱量，同時為(wei)(wei)鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

鎳氫(qing)(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是由氫(qing)(qing)(qing)和溶解在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液中(zhong)的(de)(de)正(zheng)鎳氧化(hua)物電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)反(fan)應，來確定增(zeng)加的(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但鎳的(de)(de)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率，因為在(zai)負(fu)(fu)極(ji) – 鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用特殊合金(jin)。如果(guo)鎳氫(qing)(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)相反(fan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一小(xiao)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量較小(xiao)的(de)(de)危害和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)熱 。當排放(fang)是小(xiao)于(yu)鎳氫(qing)(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)損失(shi)，不(bu)會不(bu)可逆轉地(di)選擇從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)比使(shi)用鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)施加更嚴格的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，以控(kong)制(zhi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。通常建議放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高達1 V / ak，低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和高達1,1 V / ak的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

2、鎳氫電池的劣勢

如上所述，鎳(nie)(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)池的(de)劣勢主(zhu)要由循環期間陰極(ji)的(de)吸(xi)(xi)附容量(liang)的(de)降低(di)決定。在充放電(dian)(dian)循環時，合金(jin)的(de)晶格的(de)變化體積，而(er)當反(fan)應(ying)裂紋形(xing)成，然后導(dao)致(zhi)腐蝕電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液。腐蝕產物的(de)形(xing)成是(shi)由氧和氫的(de)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)引起(qi)的(de)，導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質總量(liang)的(de)減少(shao)和電(dian)(dian)池內阻的(de)增加(jia)。應(ying)注意(yi)，鎳(nie)(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)池的(de)特性很(hen)大程度(du)上取決于合金(jin)的(de)加(jia)工技術和負極(ji)的(de)合金(jin)，從而(er)提高了組合物和結構的(de)穩定性。這(zhe)使電(dian)(dian)池制造商能夠(gou)關注制造商在合金(jin)供應(ying)商選擇和電(dian)(dian)池方(fang)面的(de)選擇。