鋅(xin)空氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)池（ zinc air battery），用活(huo)性(xing)炭吸(xi)附(fu)空氣(qi)中(zhong)的氧(yang)或純(chun)氧(yang)作為(wei)正極活(huo)性(xing)物質，以(yi)鋅(xin)為(wei)負極，以(yi)氯化銨或苛(ke)性(xing)堿溶液為(wei)電(dian)(dian)解質的一種原電(dian)(dian)池。又(you)稱鋅(xin)氧(yang)電(dian)(dian)池。分為(wei)中(zhong)性(xing)和(he)堿性(xing)兩個體系的鋅(xin)空氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)池，分別用字母A和(he)P表示，其后再用數字表示電(dian)(dian)池的型號。

鉛鋅(xin)因礦產經(jing)常伴生(sheng)(sheng)，且(qie)在(zai)價格走(zou)勢上也保持(chi)極(ji)高的(de)近似性，因而可(ke)以說是金(jin)屬(shu)行(xing)業的(de)一(yi)對(dui)孿生(sheng)(sheng)兄弟。原本(ben)兩個金(jin)屬(shu)用途的(de)差異性決定其各不(bu)相干，但(dan)近期(qi)隨著鋅(xin)空氣電池迅速發展(zhan)，此前的(de)難兄難弟后(hou)期(qi)或(huo)面(mian)臨一(yi)場終極(ji)對(dui)決。

鋅(xin)(xin)空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)池，又稱(cheng)鋅(xin)(xin)氧電(dian)(dian)池，用活性炭(tan)吸附空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)氧或(huo)純(chun)氧作為(wei)(wei)正極活性物質，以鋅(xin)(xin)為(wei)(wei)負極，以氯化銨或(huo)苛性堿溶液為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)解質的(de)一種原電(dian)(dian)池。與(yu)(yu)傳統(tong)電(dian)(dian)池，特別(bie)是與(yu)(yu)鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池相比，鋅(xin)(xin)空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)池存在諸多優點。

首先(xian)，綠色環保是(shi)亮點，被譽(yu)為21世紀(ji)環保型(xing)新能源(yuan)。由于鋅空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)鉛(qian)、汞、鎘等(deng)重(zhong)有毒(du)的(de)重(zhong)金(jin)屬，因(yin)此其對(dui)環境的(de)污(wu)染(ran)較(jiao)小，同(tong)時(shi)不(bu)存在(zai)爆炸危險，安(an)(an)全(quan)可靠。其次，成本低,蓄(xu)能大。原材(cai)料(liao)主要是(shi)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)氧及價格低廉的(de)鋅，故而材(cai)料(liao)易得。且它(ta)的(de)容量(liang)比(bi)其它(ta)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)高3-10倍。如(ru)單體300安(an)(an)時(shi)圓柱體型(xing)鋅空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，其重(zhong)量(liang)僅為0.75kg,而同(tong)樣的(de)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)重(zhong)量(liang)則大于8kg。與當前主流鋰汽(qi)車電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)相比(bi)，資料(liao)顯示，180公斤(jin)重(zhong)量(liang)鋅空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能夠產(chan)生44千瓦時(shi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)，續航能力350公里，而同(tong)樣電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)重(zhong)量(liang)要達360公斤(jin)。最后，充電(dian)(dian)方面優勢(shi)突出(chu)。多(duo)(duo)數蓄(xu)能電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)存在(zai)頻(pin)繁充電(dian)(dian)的(de)缺點，特別是(shi)鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)能長(chang)期深(shen)度放電(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間長(chang)給客戶帶來(lai)諸多(duo)(duo)不(bu)便。而部分型(xing)號(hao)的(de)鋅空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)并不(bu)是(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，而是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋅和空(kong)氣(qi)直接(jie)發電(dian)(dian)。簡(jian)單地說，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)完后，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶只需更換(huan)封裝好(hao)的(de)鋅粉，就可以重(zhong)復使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，更換(huan)的(de)時(shi)間在(zai)3分鐘內即可完成。

2011年鋅(xin)電池(chi)(chi)占(zhan)鋅(xin)總需求(qiu)的比(bi)例不(bu)到(dao)10%，與2005年相比(bi)不(bu)增反降。主要(yao)原因是(shi)含鋅(xin)電池(chi)(chi)在行業中并(bing)非(fei)主流(liu)，但料(liao)后(hou)期隨著鋅(xin)空氣電池(chi)(chi)產業規模化，加(jia)之其他含鋅(xin)電池(chi)(chi)技術不(bu)斷革新，料(liao)鋅(xin)在電池(chi)(chi)行業的需求(qiu)占(zhan)比(bi)或將會出現大幅增加(jia)的情(qing)況。

鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池是鉛(qian)(qian)錠的主要需(xu)求下游，且近年來占鉛(qian)(qian)需(xu)求結構的比重不(bu)斷增大，2011年維持在(zai)80%左右。而(er)我國(guo)鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池主要應用(yong)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)動自行車上，目前97.5%的電(dian)(dian)動自行車采用(yong)鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池，但鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池壽(shou)命短，環境(jing)污染嚴重。據悉2011年因多起(qi)“血(xue)鉛(qian)(qian)”事件(jian)及(ji)環保(bao)整治致(zhi)使全國(guo)80%以上的鉛(qian)(qian)蓄電(dian)(dian)池企業被關閉或處(chu)于停產狀態。

中國(guo)(guo)未來10年將投入超過1000億元的(de)資金，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)扶持節能(neng)與新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車生產(chan)，使(shi)中國(guo)(guo)成為(wei)全球最大的(de)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車生產(chan)國(guo)(guo)。然(ran)而當前我國(guo)(guo)在(zai)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車開發領域(yu)，純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)公交(jiao)車所用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)基本(ben)上(shang)(shang)是鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是屬于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性質的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，裝配到12m級的(de)公交(jiao)車后(hou)，每天必須到專(zhuan)業的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，若用(yong)(yong)(yong)大流(liu)量的(de)直(zhi)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)至少要用(yong)(yong)(yong)3個多小(xiao)時(shi)，若用(yong)(yong)(yong)交(jiao)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至少要用(yong)(yong)(yong)5-6個多小(xiao)時(shi)。而鉛酸動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)目前主要應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車上(shang)(shang)的(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)技術目前仍(reng)不成熟。因此從技術前景來講(jiang)，鋅(xin)(xin)空氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)后(hou)期在(zai)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車市場的(de)角逐(zhu)中將占(zhan)據上(shang)(shang)風。且(qie)隨著技術日漸成熟，或(huo)暗示(shi)鋅(xin)(xin)空氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)時(shi)代(dai)已經開啟。

國(guo)內(nei)方面，2011年國(guo)內(nei)首個鋅(xin)空(kong)氣電(dian)動公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)車(che)正(zheng)式下線，據悉(xi)此鋅(xin)空(kong)氣電(dian)池(chi)(chi)純電(dian)動城市(shi)公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)車(che)每充一次電(dian)可(ke)行駛約300公(gong)(gong)里(li)，最高(gao)時(shi)速可(ke)達(da)每小時(shi)80公(gong)(gong)里(li)，其運營(ying)成本比傳統鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)動汽車(che)低(di)三分之(zhi)一。目前(qian)來看，還(huan)是流行鋰(li)聚合物(wu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。此外深圳市(shi)格瑞(rui)普電(dian)池(chi)(chi)公(gong)(gong)司是一家專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)研發、生(sheng)產(chan)、銷售鋰(li)聚合物(wu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)司。其生(sheng)產(chan)的鋰(li)聚合物(wu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)產(chan)品受(shou)到國(guo)內(nei)外的一致好評！