鎳氫電池NiMH電池正(zheng)極板(ban)(ban)材(cai)料為NiOOH，負(fu)極板(ban)(ban)材(cai)料為吸氫合金。電解液(ye)通常用(yong)30%的KOH水溶液(ye)，并加入(ru)少量的NiOH。隔(ge)膜采(cai)用(yong)多孔維尼(ni)綸(lun)無紡(fang)布(bu)或尼(ni)龍無紡(fang)布(bu)等。NiMH電池有(you)圓柱形和方形兩(liang)種。

NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)具有較好的(de)低溫放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性，即(ji)使在-20℃環境溫度下(xia)，采用大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流（以1C放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)率(lv)）放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，放(fang)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量也能達(da)到(dao)標稱容量的(de)85%以上(shang)(shang)。但是，NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在高溫（+40℃以上(shang)(shang)）時，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量將下(xia)降(jiang)5~10%。這種由(you)于自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（溫度越(yue)高，自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)越(yue)大）而引起的(de)容量損失是可(ke)逆(ni)的(de)，幾次充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環就能恢復到(dao)最大容量。NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為1.2V，與NiCd電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)相同。

Nicd/NiMH電(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程非常相似，都要求恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。兩者(zhe)的(de)差別主要在(zai)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)終止(zhi)檢測(ce)(ce)方(fang)(fang)法上，以(yi)防止(zhi)電(dian)池(chi)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，同時檢測(ce)(ce)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)和其它(ta)參數。當電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)緩慢上升達到一(yi)個峰(feng)值，對(dui)NiMH電(dian)池(chi)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)終止(zhi)，而NiCd電(dian)池(chi)則(ze)當電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)第一(yi)次下降了一(yi)個-AV時終止(zhi)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。為避(bi)免損(sun)壞電(dian)池(chi)，電(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)過低時不能開始快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，電(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)Tmin低于10C時，應轉入涓流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)方(fang)(fang)式。而電(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)一(yi)旦達到規定數值后，必(bi)須(xu)立即停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。

鎳鎘電池(chi)NiCd電池(chi)正極(ji)(ji)板(ban)上的(de)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)物質由(you)(you)氧(yang)化(hua)鎳粉和(he)(he)石(shi)墨粉組(zu)成，石(shi)墨不(bu)參加(jia)化(hua)學(xue)反應，其主(zhu)要作用(yong)是增(zeng)強導電性(xing)(xing)(xing)。負極(ji)(ji)板(ban)上的(de)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)物質由(you)(you)氧(yang)化(hua)鎘粉和(he)(he)氧(yang)化(hua)鐵粉組(zu)成，氧(yang)化(hua)鐵粉的(de)作用(yong)是使氧(yang)化(hua)鎘粉有(you)較高的(de)擴散性(xing)(xing)(xing)，防止結(jie)塊，并(bing)增(zeng)加(jia)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)的(de)容(rong)量。活性(xing)(xing)(xing)物質分別包在穿孔鋼帶中，加(jia)壓成型后即(ji)成為電池(chi)的(de)正負極(ji)(ji)板(ban)。

極(ji)板(ban)間(jian)用(yong)(yong)耐(nai)堿的(de)(de)(de)硬橡膠(jiao)絕(jue)緣棍或有孔的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)氯乙烯瓦(wa)楞板(ban)隔開。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液通(tong)常用(yong)(yong)氫(qing)氧化鉀溶液。與(yu)其它電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)相比，NiCd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率（即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)時失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)速率）適(shi)中。NiCd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)過程中，如果放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不完全(quan)就又充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，下(xia)次再放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，就不能放(fang)出全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量。比如，放(fang)出80%電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量后(hou)再充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)只能放(fang)出80%的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量。這(zhe)就是所謂的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)憶效(xiao)應(ying)。當(dang)然，幾次完整的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環將使(shi)(shi)NiCd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)恢(hui)復(fu)正常工(gong)作。由(you)于NiCd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)憶效(xiao)應(ying)，若未(wei)完全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，應(ying)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前將每節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)1V以(yi)下(xia)。

鎳鎘電池和鎳氫電池的內在關系

鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)鎳(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)外形上相似，而且鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的正極與鎳(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)也(ye)基(ji)本相同，都是(shi)以氫(qing)氧(yang)化鎳(nie)(nie)為正極，主要區(qu)別在(zai)于鎳(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)負極板(ban)采用的是(shi)鎘(ge)(ge)活性物(wu)質，而鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)以高能(neng)貯(zhu)氫(qing)合金(jin)為負極，因此(ci)鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)具有更大的能(neng)量(liang)。同時(shi)鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學特性方面(mian)與鎳(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)亦基(ji)本相似，故(gu)鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)使用時(shi)可(ke)完全(quan)替(ti)代鎳(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，而不(bu)需要對(dui)設備進行任何改造(zao)。