電池管理系統是電動汽車中重要的組成部分，電池管理系統的好壞直接影響電池組的使用壽命、電動汽車的正常運行。前面分析了電池管理系統的功耗將引起電池組的能量損耗，影響電池組的有效使用，下面將針對磷酸鐵鋰動力電池設計一種低(di)功耗的(de)電(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統，以(yi)減(jian)少電(dian)池(chi)的(de)能耗，避免電(dian)池(chi)過(guo)充過(guo)放，充分(fen)利用(yong)動力電(dian)池(chi)，同時(shi)有效管理(li)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)，延長電(dian)池(chi)的(de)循環使用(yong)壽命。

電(dian)池(chi)管理系統主要(yao)由(you)單節電(dian)池(chi)檢測模(mo)塊、CAN通信模(mo)塊、觸摸屏模(mo)塊、均衡(heng)模(mo)塊、充電(dian)機等(deng)組成，如圖所示：

單節電(dian)(dian)池檢測(ce)模(mo)塊分(fen)別對(dui)(dui)每一節電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、溫度進(jin)(jin)行檢測(ce)；觸摸屏(ping)模(mo)塊對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)池組總電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、總電(dian)(dian)流進(jin)(jin)行檢測(ce)，并對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)池組的充電(dian)(dian)過程進(jin)(jin)行控制(zhi)。低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)動汽車每組電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)池數為16節，串(chuan)聯在一起，總電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)約為48V。

觸摸屏(ping)模塊(kuai)檢測(ce)電池(chi)(chi)組總(zong)(zong)(zong)電壓、總(zong)(zong)(zong)電流，并在(zai)觸摸屏(ping)模塊(kuai)上(shang)把電池(chi)(chi)組總(zong)(zong)(zong)電壓、總(zong)(zong)(zong)電流、單節(jie)電池(chi)(chi)電壓、溫度等重要信息實時(shi)(shi)顯示(shi)出(chu)來(lai)。觸摸屏(ping)模塊(kuai)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)通過CAN總(zong)(zong)(zong)線(xian)與(yu)充電機、均衡(heng)模塊(kuai)和(he)電機控制器(qi)進行(xing)通信，對(dui)動力電池(chi)(chi)組的充放電過程進行(xing)監(jian)測(ce)和(he)控制，是管理系統的核心。

磷(lin)酸鐵鋰動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)如下：開(kai)始階段，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)對磷(lin)酸鐵鋰動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組進行串(chuan)聯(lian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)檢測(ce)模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)對單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、溫度進行檢測(ce)，將檢測(ce)結果通(tong)過(guo)CAN通(tong)信(xin)(xin)送給觸摸屏(ping)(ping)(ping)微處理器，觸摸屏(ping)(ping)(ping)微處理器監測(ce)、控制串(chuan)聯(lian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)。按(an)照單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓控制串(chuan)聯(lian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的方(fang)式充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當串(chuan)聯(lian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)時，觸摸屏(ping)(ping)(ping)模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)檢測(ce)到某節或某幾節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)SOC較(jiao)低，需(xu)要(yao)啟動(dong)均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)時，觸摸屏(ping)(ping)(ping)發出(chu)信(xin)(xin)號，啟動(dong)對應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)。當均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)完成(cheng)對各單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)停止工作，觸摸屏(ping)(ping)(ping)微處理器顯示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完成(cheng)。

通(tong)過(guo)磷(lin)酸鐵(tie)鋰動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)實驗(yan)驗(yan)證，均衡(heng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)模塊能很(hen)好(hao)地對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)中各單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行均衡(heng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)均衡(heng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置，能使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)中各單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)都充(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量。