鋰離子電池可(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)不(bu)同的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)方法，其中(zhong)最簡(jian)單(dan)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)方法是恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。采用(yong)(yong)恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)保持不(bu)變(bian)，而充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流將逐漸降低(di)。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流降到低(di)于0.1C時(shi)，就認為(wei)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)被充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)了(le)。為(wei)了(le)防(fang)止有缺陷的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)無(wu)休止地進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，采用(yong)(yong)一個備用(yong)(yong)定時(shi)器來終止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)周期(qi)。

兼(jian)顧充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程的安全性(xing)、快(kuai)速性(xing)和電(dian)池使用(yong)的高(gao)效(xiao)性(xing)，鋰離子電(dian)池通常都采用(yong)恒流恒壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)方法，其充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程可(ke)分為預(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)、恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)、恒壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)三個(ge)階段。

1、預充電階

在(zai)該狀態下，首先檢(jian)測單節鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)(shi)否較(jiao)低（<3.0V）），如果是(shi)(shi)則采(cai)用涓流充電(dian)(dian)，即一個(ge)比較(jiao)小(xiao)的恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)流對電(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)直至電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓上升到一個(ge)安全值。否則可省略該階段，這(zhe)也是(shi)(shi)最(zui)普遍的情況。因為預充電(dian)(dian)主要是(shi)(shi)完成對過放的鋰電(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行修復。

2、恒流充電

涓流充(chong)電(dian)后(hou)，充(chong)電(dian)器轉入恒流充(chong)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。該狀(zhuang)態(tai)下，充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流保(bao)持不(bu)變的(de)較大的(de)值，電(dian)池的(de)最大充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流決定于電(dian)池的(de)容量。

在(zai)恒(heng)流充(chong)電和(he)預充(chong)電狀態下，通過連續監控(kong)電池的電壓和(he)溫度，可以采用以下兩種恒(heng)流充(chong)電終(zhong)止(zhi)法，終(zhong)止(zhi)恒(heng)流充(chong)電。

（1）電池最高電壓(ya)終止法：當單節鋰電池電壓(ya)達(da)到4.2V，恒流充電狀態應立即終止；

（2）電池最高(gao)溫(wen)度終止法：在恒流(liu)充(chong)電過程中，當電池的溫(wen)度達到60℃時，恒流(liu)充(chong)電狀態應立即(ji)終止。

3、恒壓充電階段

恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)后，則轉入(ru)恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)。在該狀態(tai)下，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保持恒(heng)定。因為鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)精度的要求比較高(gao)，單(dan)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應(ying)在規(gui)定值(zhi)的士1%之間(jian)變化，因此要嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。在恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器連續監控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、溫度、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)。

常用的恒壓(ya)充電終止方法(fa)有以下四種(zhong)方法(fa)：

（1）電(dian)池(chi)(chi)最(zui)高電(dian)壓：當單節(jie)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓達(da)到4.25V時，恒壓充電(dian)狀態(tai)自動終止；

（2）電池(chi)最高溫(wen)度：當鋰離子電池(chi)的最高溫(wen)度達(da)到60℃時，恒壓(ya)充電狀態自動終止；

（3）最長充(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)：為(wei)了確(que)保鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池安全充(chong)電(dian)，除了設定最高電(dian)壓和最高溫度(du)外，還應設置最長恒壓充(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)，在(zai)溫度(du)和電(dian)壓檢(jian)測失敗的情況下，可以保證鋰電(dian)池安全充(chong)電(dian)；

（4）最(zui)小(xiao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)：在恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)，鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸(jian)減小(xiao)，當充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)下降(jiang)到一(yi)定數(shu)值（通常為(wei)恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的1/10）時，恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀態自動(dong)終止。