鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)程(cheng)序:涓流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)<250MA左右，逐級緩(huan)慢增加，約(yue)3分鐘，給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池適應過程(cheng)>→恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)<約(yue)700MA，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的主要(yao)過程(cheng)，可(ke)完(wan)(wan)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量額定值的約(yue)85%>>恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)<設定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為8.50V.充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)逐漸減小，可(ke)完(wan)(wan)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量額定值的約(yue)98%>>停(ting)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)<電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)小于250MA停(ting)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)下降(jiang)到0.IC以下時，可(ke)以認為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池已被(bei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)。因為不主張滑(hua)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所以當充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器必(bi)須完(wan)(wan)全關閉或斷開。

要想充分利用鋰離子電池容量或延(yan)長電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)，必(bi)須極其嚴格地控制充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)參數。延(yan)長鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)是合理選擇充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)參數，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和溫度(du)。在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)，施加電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)精度(du)對提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率和延(yan)長電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)具有非常重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)作用。超過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將導致(zhi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這在短期(qi)內會(hui)增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)量，但長期(qi)來(lai)說則會(hui)導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)失效(xiao)并產生安全問題。

鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)池的(de)(de)充電(dian)終止電(dian)壓每(mei)提高1%，電(dian)池的(de)(de)初(chu)始(shi)容量就會增大約(yue)5%。這(zhe)種顯而易(yi)見的(de)(de)短期增益效(xiao)應會對鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)池的(de)(de)充電(dian)/放電(dian)次(ci)數(shu)產生嚴重的(de)(de)后果。過充電(dian)導致了充電(dian)次(ci)數(shu)的(de)(de)減(jian)少。另一方面(mian)，欠充電(dian)盡管不(bu)會產生安全問(wen)題(ti)，但會顯著減(jian)小電(dian)池的(de)(de)容量。

在(zai)給鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池兩(liang)端的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)將會上升，而充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)將逐漸變小。當(dang)(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下(xia)降到(dao)0.1C以(yi)下(xia)時，可以(yi)認為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池已(yi)被充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿。因為不主張滑流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（trickle charg）所(suo)以(yi)當(dang)(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器必須(xu)完全關閉或斷開(kai)。一種更快的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法是恒流(liu)/恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)（CC/CV）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)(dang)開(kai)始充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，CC/Cv 充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器首先(xian)施加一個等價(jia)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量C的(de)恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。為防止(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)中(zhong)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，需要監視(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池封(feng)裝(zhuang)兩(liang)端的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)上升到(dao)給定的(de)終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路切換到(dao)恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)源工作(zuo)模式。即使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池封(feng)裝(zhuang)兩(liang)端的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)達到(dao)終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，但(dan)因為在(zai)ESR<內阻>上存在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降，所(suo)以(yi)實際的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)將低(di)于終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。

在(zai)恒流充(chong)電(dian)期(qi)間，電(dian)池能以接(jie)近(jin)其終止電(dian)壓(ya)的高電(dian)流速(su)率充(chong)電(dian)，應不(bu)會有任何被施加高電(dian)壓(ya)和發生過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)的威險。

經恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)容(rong)量將達到其額定值的(de)約85%。在恒(heng)流周(zhou)期結束(shu)后，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器切換到恒(heng)壓周(zhou)期。在恒(heng)壓周(zhou)期，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器通(tong)過監視充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流來決定是否結束(shu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。當充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流減小到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)0.lC以(yi)下時充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期結束(shu)。

保護功能包括(kuo)防(fang)止(zhi)過(guo)放(fang)電、過(guo)充(chong)電、過(guo)大的充(chong)/放(fang)電電流以及避免電池被施加高電壓。

在電(dian)池的充(chong)電(dian)或(huo)放電(dian)期間，如果任何參(can)數(shu)超過了特定電(dian)池設置(zhi)的限(xian)制值(zhi)，電(dian)芯與(yu)電(dian)池終端之間的連接(jie)將(jiang)斷開(kai)。

除了電子(zi)保護以(yi)外，電池(chi)還包(bao)含(han)機械的二級過流(liu)保護器(qi)件。一(yi)種(zhong)聚(ju)合物正溫度系數（PPTC）過流(liu)保護器(qi)件被串聯在電池(chi)封(feng)裝與電芯(xin)終端之(zhi)間。

當發(fa)(fa)生過(guo)流時，PPIC器件(jian)從(cong)(cong)低阻(zu)抗狀(zhuang)態轉(zhuan)換到高(gao)阻(zu)抗狀(zhuang)態，從(cong)(cong)而保護了電路。器件(jian)因12R發(fa)(fa)熱(re)效(xiao)應產生的熱(re)量導(dao)致它的溫(wen)度上升，而上述變化正是器件(jian)溫(wen)度快速增高(gao)的結果。

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期從插入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源變壓器開始。在這(zhe)個階段，一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)源向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)終端施(shi)加50mA電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，同(tong)時(shi)監視電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)兩(liang)端的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高于3.0V，表示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)良(liang)好，那么(me)恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期將啟動。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)幅(fu)度是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量的(de)函數(shu)，這(zhe)可以參考電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)制(zhi)造商(shang)推薦的(de)數(shu)值。典型充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是1C，但一(yi)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)需要更低(di)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。

在恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池被(bei)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到容量的80-85左右。在恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)結(jie)束(shu)之(zhi)后，恒(heng)壓(ya)周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)開始啟動。在這個周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為lcmarger=（Vau-kl）/ESR。在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，Vcl不斷升(sheng)高而充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)隨之(zhi)下(xia)降。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)下(xia)降到預置的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束(shu)（EOC）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)以下(xia)時(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止。通常，推(tui)薦的EOC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)水平為0.1C、0.15C和0.2C。一(yi)旦(dan)檢測到EOC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)結(jie)束(shu)。在這時(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路關閉。