鎳氫電池的(de)循環壽(shou)命(ming)受充放電濕度、溫(wen)度和使用方法的(de)影(ying)響。在(zai)現在(zai)的(de)技術狀態(tai)下，當按(an)照(zhao)rEc標準充放電時，充放電循環可以(yi)(yi)超過500次。在(zai)電動車輛(liang)上應(ying)(ying)用，鎳氫電池一般采用淺充淺放的(de)應(ying)(ying)用機制，即SOC在(zai)40%~80/0之間應(ying)(ying)用，因此電池的(de)使用壽(shou)命(ming)已經(jing)可以(yi)(yi)達到5年以(yi)(yi)上，甚至達到10年以(yi)(yi)上。

鎳氫(qing)電(dian)池失效的原因有多方面，主要歸納如(ru)下：

1）電解液的損耗。

鎳氫電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)充放電(dian)循環過程中會在(zai)(zai)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)和隔膜(mo)中重新(xin)分配(pei)，增(zeng)加了(le)它(ta)們的(de)表(biao)面(mian)積和孔(kong)隙率并(bing)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)膨脹，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)內壓增(zeng)大，從(cong)而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)體（氫氣(qi)和氧氣(qi)）的(de)泄露，最終導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)的(de)損耗。電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)的(de)損耗將(jiang)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)溶液(ye)內阻(zu)增(zeng)大，電(dian)導(dao)率降(jiang)低。

2）電極材料的改(gai)變。

鎳氫(qing)電(dian)池經一定次(ci)數的充放(fang)電(dian)循環后，負(fu)極中的錳、鋁元素會(hui)發生(sheng)偏析(xi)溶解，負(fu)極儲氫(qing)合金表面逐漸被(bei)腐蝕氧(yang)化，在電(dian)極表面形成一層氫(qing)氧(yang)化物，合金體(ti)積(ji)發生(sheng)膨脹、收縮，最后導致合金粉(fen)化，嚴(yan)重影(ying)響了電(dian)池在充放(fang)電(dian)過程中的吸(xi)氫(qing)放(fang)氧(yang)性能(neng)。

3）隔膜的變化。

隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次(ci)數的(de)(de)(de)增加，鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)隔膜(mo)結構會發生變化(hua)，隔膜(mo)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液保持能力下降，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)增大(da)(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命減小。另外(wai)，從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極上(shang)脫落下的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極材料(liao)逐漸堵塞(sai)隔膜(mo)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)隙，嚴重影響了(le)鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中氣(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)滲透傳輸，進而增大(da)(da)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內阻，影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能，導致鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)失效。