鋰電池的概念使用非常頻繁，稍加留意，我們會發現用這個概念其實是有廣義、較狹義和狹義三種區別的。廣義的鋰電池包括鋰原電池、鋰離子電池、磷酸鐵鋰電池和(he)聚合(he)物鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等，是(shi)一個泛稱；由(you)于鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)比鋰(li)(li)原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應用(yong)更(geng)廣，所以(yi)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在較狹義上(shang)通常是(shi)指鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)；在鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部又(you)有兩種分類：聚合(he)物鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)液態(tai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，因(yin)為質(zhi)量更(geng)大、應用(yong)更(geng)多(duo)的是(shi)液態(tai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，所以(yi)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的狹義理解就是(shi)指液態(tai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，而聚合(he)物鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)又(you)叫鋰(li)(li)聚合(he)物電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，人們習慣(guan)上(shang)簡稱為聚合(he)物電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

如果在廣(guang)義(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)較狹義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)意(yi)思上比(bi)(bi)(bi)較鋰(li)(li)(li)聚(ju)合物電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)區(qu)別，那么，唯一的(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)種(zhong)概(gai)念(nian)和(he)(he)屬概(gai)念(nian)的(de)(de)關系，鋰(li)(li)(li)聚(ju)合物電(dian)池(chi)(chi)被(bei)包含于(yu)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。因此，具有比(bi)(bi)(bi)較意(yi)義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)狹義(yi)(yi)層面上的(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較：即聚(ju)合物電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)液態鋰(li)(li)(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較，基于(yu)此，以下(xia)用鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)代指液態鋰(li)(li)(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

1、根本區別是(shi)原(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，這是(shi)二者各種不同(tong)表(biao)現(xian)的總(zong)根源(yuan)。聚(ju)合(he)(he)物(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)指在正(zheng)極(ji)、負極(ji)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)三(san)大(da)組件(jian)中(zhong)至少有(you)一項使用高(gao)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)。高(gao)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)的意思是(shi)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)量(liang)大(da)，與其(qi)相對應(ying)的概念是(shi)小(xiao)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)，高(gao)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)具有(you)高(gao)強度、高(gao)韌性和高(gao)彈性。目前研發(fa)的聚(ju)合(he)(he)物(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)高(gao)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)主要用于正(zheng)極(ji)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)。①聚(ju)合(he)(he)物(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正(zheng)極(ji)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)除了采(cai)用鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的無機化(hua)合(he)(he)物(wu)，還可以采(cai)用導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)聚(ju)合(he)(he)物(wu)；②、聚(ju)合(he)(he)物(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)有(you)高(gao)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)（固(gu)態或(huo)膠(jiao)態）和有(you)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)（液(ye)(ye)體或(huo)膠(jiao)體）

2、在(zai)塑形上(shang)，聚合物電(dian)池(chi)可以(yi)做到薄形化、任意(yi)面積(ji)化和任意(yi)形狀化，原因(yin)在(zai)于(yu)其(qi)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)可固態(tai)可膠態(tai)而(er)非液(ye)態(tai)，鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)則采(cai)用(yong)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)，需要(yao)一個堅固的(de)外殼作為二(er)次(ci)包裝容納(na)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)。因(yin)此(ci)，這也使得鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)增(zeng)加了一部分重量。

3、安全性方面(mian)：當(dang)前的聚合物多(duo)是軟(ruan)包電池，采(cai)(cai)用鋁塑(su)膜做外殼，當(dang)內部(bu)采(cai)(cai)用有(you)機電解質(zhi)時，即(ji)使液(ye)(ye)體很熱(re)也不(bu)爆炸，因為(wei)鋁塑(su)膜聚合物電池采(cai)(cai)用固態(tai)或膠態(tai)而無漏液(ye)(ye)，只是自(zi)(zi)然破(po)裂。但(dan)是任何事情都不(bu)是絕對的，如果瞬(shun)間電流足夠大，發生短路，則電池自(zi)(zi)燃(ran)或爆裂并非不(bu)可能，手機和(he)平板電腦安全事故的發生多(duo)由這種情況引起。

4、電(dian)(dian)芯電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)：由于聚合(he)物電(dian)(dian)池采(cai)用(yong)高分(fen)子材料，可在(zai)電(dian)(dian)芯里做成多(duo)層組合(he)達(da)到(dao)高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，而(er)鋰電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)芯標稱容量是(shi)3.6V，要想在(zai)實際運用(yong)中(zhong)達(da)到(dao)高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，則需要將多(duo)個電(dian)(dian)芯串聯在(zai)一(yi)起(qi)才能(neng)形成理想的高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工作平臺。如果(guo)用(yong)以上幾個特點對(dui)(dui)比聚合(he)物電(dian)(dian)池和鋰電(dian)(dian)池哪(na)個好，那(nei)么結論就是(shi)一(yi)定(ding)的，然而(er)，在(zai)市場上還(huan)是(shi)鋰電(dian)(dian)池的應用(yong)占主體地位(wei)，這說明鋰電(dian)(dian)池也(ye)有(you)相對(dui)(dui)優勢，我們繼(ji)續比較下去。

5、導電(dian)性：聚合物電(dian)池的(de)(de)固態電(dian)解質離(li)子(zi)電(dian)導率(lv)低，目前(qian)主要(yao)是加(jia)入了一些添(tian)加(jia)劑使其成為凝(ning)膠電(dian)解質，以改善電(dian)導率(lv)。這(zhe)也只是增加(jia)了離(li)子(zi)電(dian)導，不似鋰電(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)導率(lv)保持一個穩定的(de)(de)值，而(er)不會受輔助(zhu)材料質量的(de)(de)影響。