鋅溴電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是一種將能量儲存在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)系(xi)統(tong),，是一種單沉積型液(ye)(ye)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),負極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)的(de)(de)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)產物不(bu)溶(rong)(rong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)而沉積在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上(shang)。正負半電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)由隔膜(mo)分開(kai),兩側電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)均為ZnBr2溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)在(zai)儲液(ye)(ye)罐和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)構(gou)成的(de)(de)閉合回(hui)路中(zhong)循(xun)環流動(dong)的(de)(de)原動(dong)力(li)為動(dong)力(li)泵(beng)。化學(xue)反應的(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)是氧化還原反應電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)對(dui)間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差。Zn-Br電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)反應為：

充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)鋅(xin)沉積在(zai)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)上(shang),正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)上(shang)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)失(shi)去(qu)兩個電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)變成(cheng)單(dan)質(zhi)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi),與(yu)充電(dian)(dian)過程相反,在(zai)負(fu)(fu)、正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)上(shang)分(fen)別生成(cheng)鋒和溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)。溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)在(zai)水中溶解,Br3-、Br5-離(li)子(zi)(zi)產生分(fen)離(li),并以,Br3-、Br5-離(li)子(zi)(zi)形式從(cong)由正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)向負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)擴散(san),擴散(san)到負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)附近,沉積的(de)鋅(xin)與(yu)之(zhi)發生反應,會造(zao)成(cheng)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。而在(zai)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)表面之(zhi)間的(de)微孔隔膜(mo)阻止了(le)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)向鋅(xin)沉積物的(de)擴散(san),減少了(le)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。鋅(xin)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)比能量(liang)435wh/kg。

1、鋅溴液流電池(chi)的結構

鋅(xin)溴(xiu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)池主要由三(san)部(bu)分組成(cheng)，包括液(ye)(ye)(ye)路循環及輔助(zhu)系(xi)統、電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)(ye)以及電(dian)(dian)(dian)堆(dui)。其中電(dian)(dian)(dian)堆(dui)為雙極(ji)性結構，每(mei)片(pian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池通過(guo)雙極(ji)板(ban)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路上形成(cheng)串聯(lian)結構，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)(ye)通過(guo)管泵(beng)系(xi)統并聯(lian)地分配(pei)到每(mei)片(pian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池中，在(zai)提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)功率密度的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，液(ye)(ye)(ye)路的(de)(de)(de)并聯(lian)結構為片(pian)間的(de)(de)(de)一致性提供保(bao)障；液(ye)(ye)(ye)路循環及輔助(zhu)系(xi)統主要由儲(chu)罐、管泵(beng)、二(er)相閥(fa)及各種傳感(gan)器構成(cheng)，在(zai)進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)(ye)循環的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，實(shi)時的(de)(de)(de)反饋電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)各項信息，如液(ye)(ye)(ye)位、溫度等。

2、鋅溴電池的特點

同其它電(dian)池技(ji)術(shu)相比，鋅(xin)溴液流電(dian)池技(ji)術(shu)具有下列特點(dian)：

（1）鋅溴(xiu)液流電(dian)池具有較高的能量密度。鋅溴(xiu)液流電(dian)池的理論能量密度可達435W.h/kg，實際(ji)能量密度可達60W.h/kg；

（2）正負極兩側的電解(jie)液(ye)組分(除去絡(luo)合(he)溴)是(shi)完全(quan)一致(zhi)的，不(bu)存(cun)在電解(jie)液(ye)的交叉污(wu)染，電解(jie)液(ye)理論使用壽(shou)命無限；

（3）電解液的(de)流動有利于電池系統的(de)熱管理，傳(chuan)統電池很難(nan)做(zuo)到(dao)；

（4）電(dian)池(chi)能夠放電(dian)的(de)(de)容量是由電(dian)極表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)鋅載量決定(ding)的(de)(de)，電(dian)極本身并不(bu)參(can)與充放電(dian)反應，放電(dian)時(shi)表(biao)面(mian)沉積的(de)(de)金屬鋅可以(yi)完全溶解(jie)到電(dian)解(jie)液中，因此鋅溴液流電(dian)池(chi)可以(yi)頻繁(fan)地進(jin)行100％的(de)(de)深度放電(dian)，且不(bu)會對電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)性能和(he)壽命(ming)造成影(ying)響(xiang)；

（5）電解(jie)液為水溶(rong)液，且主(zhu)要反(fan)應物質為溴化鋅，油田中常用作鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)的(de)完井(jing)(jing)液，因(yin)此(ci)系統(tong)不宜出(chu)現(xian)著火、爆炸等事故，具有很高(gao)的(de)安全性；

（6）所使用的電(dian)極及隔(ge)膜材料(liao)主要成分均(jun)為(wei)塑料(liao)，不(bu)含重金屬，價格低廉，可回收利用且對環境友好(hao)：

（7）系統(tong)總體(ti)造價低(di)，具有良好的(de)商業應(ying)用前景。

3、鋅溴電池的應用

在設(she)計鋅溴液(ye)流電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)系統的時候,有(you)許多的靈活(huo)性。電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)能夠(gou)定制適合于一(yi)種特殊的應用,在這里(li)多個組(zu)件共用一(yi)套電(dian)解(jie)質儲?S或每個組(zu)件含(han)有(you)電(dian)堆、電(dian)解(jie)質儲罐和控制器組(zu)成一(yi)個完(wan)整的系統。

（1）特種上的應用

液(ye)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場在特(te)(te)種(zhong)方面(mian)。液(ye)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)點:高效(xiao),多面(mian)性,使用(yong)時(shi)間長(chang),以及(ji)工作(zuo)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)寧靜,正(zheng)好適合(he)特(te)(te)種(zhong)工作(zuo)對電(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)。液(ye)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)以自身特(te)(te)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢為特(te)(te)種(zhong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)、海陸(lu)運輸提供(gong)(gong)動力。在特(te)(te)種(zhong)上,液(ye)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)與普(pu)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)固(gu)體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)相(xiang)比具(ju)有(you)(you)獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)越性,在戰場上備品供(gong)(gong)應因其(qi)增長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)時(shi)間而無需(xu)準(zhun)備。同(tong)樣,燃料用(yong)量也因液(ye)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)優(you)越的(de)(de)(de)運輸效(xiao)能而急(ji)劇(ju)減(jian)少,跑完相(xiang)同(tong)路程時(shi)加油次數急(ji)劇(ju)減(jian)少,或在偏(pian)遠的(de)(de)(de)地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動時(shi)間更(geng)長(chang)。在這種(zhong)情況下,戰地(di)所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)車輛、人員及(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備的(de)(de)(de)數量急(ji)劇(ju)減(jian)少。液(ye)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)還可以為深海探索的(de)(de)(de)船只和無人特(te)(te)種(zhong)提供(gong)(gong)動力。

（2）儲能的應用

在儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong),鋅(xin)(xin)溴(xiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途也正得到(dao)展(zhan)示。根(gen)據桑迪亞國家實驗室的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項研究(jiu),認為鋅(xin)(xin)溴(xiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)對(dui)于以下(xia)四種公(gong)共應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)很(hen)優(you)秀的(de)(de)(de)(de):由(you)可重復的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源產(chan)生儲(chu)能(neng)(neng),傳送(song)設(she)(she)備(bei)延遲,公(gong)配(pei)(pei)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分配(pei)(pei)和(he)(he)要(yao)求減少峰值(zhi)(zhi)。鋅(xin)(xin)溴(xiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)安裝到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統中(zhong)(zhong),來消除負載峰值(zhi)(zhi)。在峰值(zhi)(zhi)期間電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian),以減少變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)負載,使設(she)(she)備(bei)不(bu)超過額定值(zhi)(zhi)。在夜晚當(dang)需求量較低時,該電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。梓(zi)溴(xiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)可以做成可移(yi)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝置,這(zhe)對(dui)于公(gong)共事業(ye)公(gong)司是(shi)有(you)好(hao)處的(de)(de)(de)(de),因為它能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)移(yi)動到(dao)需要(yao)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方。比如(ru),一(yi)種可移(yi)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)裝置在一(yi)個(ge)地區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)夏季用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于減少峰值(zhi)(zhi),在另一(yi)個(ge)地區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)秋季和(he)(he)冬季期間調整負載水平和(he)(he)功率特性。將鋅(xin)(xin)溴(xiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)技術與(yu)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于優(you)質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子設(she)(she)備(bei)相結(jie)合,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)輸(shu)出(chu),能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)校(xiao)正間歇的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓干擾,還(huan)能(neng)(neng)提供瞬時和(he)(he)持(chi)久電(dian)(dian)(dian)流中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護。

自(zi)然界資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)供應方(fang)(fang)式(shi)最常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就是風力(li)和(he)太陽能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利用(yong),但其缺點(dian)是可(ke)控性很(hen)不好,致使(shi)風力(li)和(he)太陽能(neng)(neng)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)輸(shu)出時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性、規律性也很(hen)差,因此對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)產(chan)生了(le)很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負擔,用(yong)鋅溴電(dian)(dian)池組將不穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)收集儲存(cun)起(qi)來,待使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)以(yi)平(ping)穩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求方(fang)(fang)式(shi)輸(shu)出,使(shi)得太陽能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)和(he)風力(li)發電(dian)(dian)得到(dao)實際性應用(yong),可(ke)以(yi)同步發展(zhan)起(qi)來。此外,鋅溴電(dian)(dian)池技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研發生產(chan)對(dui)于一(yi)些國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)不能(neng)(neng)普及(ji),或國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)具(ju)有嚴(yan)重高低峰谷而需(xu)(xu)要備用(yong)儲能(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)區而言(yan),具(ju)有特(te)別重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義。碎溴電(dian)(dian)池可(ke)以(yi)一(yi)直在(zai)常溫(wen)下工作(zuo),所以(yi)可(ke)以(yi)安裝在(zai)微型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)私(si)人家(jia)庭,中(zhong)小型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商業活動區域,甚至可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)于大型(xing)企業做儲能(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)備,能(neng)(neng)夠滿足所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源需(xu)(xu)求。