固態電池從推出概念開始就因為其較高的能量密度和安全性備受電池行業的關注，被很多朋友拿來與鋰電池比較，但(dan)是對(dui)于(yu)不了(le)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的朋(peng)友來說(shuo)，很難理解(jie)固(gu)態電(dian)(dian)池(chi)與鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)有什么區(qu)別，下面就簡單來介紹一下吧。

從電池(chi)結構原(yuan)理(li)和(he)材料上(shang)來說：

固(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)相關于(yu)(yu)傳統鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)優點(dian)比(bi)較(jiao)明顯。首先就是(shi)(shi)體積，由于(yu)(yu)不要電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)和隔(ge)膜，由固(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質取(qu)代，相同的能量(liang)(liang)密(mi)度(du)下，固(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的厚(hou)度(du)會更(geng)小。其次就是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)方面，在使用固(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質后，石墨負(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)可(ke)用金屬(shu)鋰(li)(li)(li)替(ti)代，以(yi)減輕(qing)負(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)材料的用量(liang)(liang)，使整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)明顯減輕(qing)。同時，更(geng)高的安全性，更(geng)好的快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力也是(shi)(shi)其較(jiao)目前鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的優勢(shi)。固(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的負(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)使用的是(shi)(shi)金屬(shu)鋰(li)(li)(li)制作(zuo)的，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質則(ze)是(shi)(shi)固(gu)(gu)體無機或高分子(zi)(zi)材料，能量(liang)(liang)密(mi)度(du)可(ke)不是(shi)(shi)普通鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)以(yi)相比(bi)的，會比(bi)鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)高出20%～30%不等。在集成(cheng)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車時，固(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)還具有(you)結構(gou)緊湊(cou)、規模可(ke)調、設(she)計彈性大(da)等利于(yu)(yu)整車集成(cheng)的特(te)點(dian)。

從裝車后的(de)續航(hang)能力來說：

以(yi)目前電(dian)動汽車(che)為(wei)(wei)例，目前使用鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的續航里(li)(li)程為(wei)(wei)500公里(li)(li)左右，假如采用固態(tai)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)技術可以(yi)將其續航里(li)(li)程提升至(zhi)750公里(li)(li)。但目前來說，受成本、技術方面(mian)的因(yin)素影響(xiang)，固態(tai)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)短時間內比較難實現商業(ye)化。由(you)此可見(jian)，固態(tai)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)單位體(ti)積能量(liang)(liang)密度方面(mian)要比鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)大(da)，具有更大(da)的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)。

安全(quan)(quan)性(xing)也是(shi)(shi)固態(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)另一大優點(dian)。重要使(shi)用(yong)液(ye)(ye)態(tai)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)選擇(ze)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)液(ye)(ye)態(tai)有機電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)極(ji)其出現(xian)爆炸現(xian)象，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)開始使(shi)用(yong)固態(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)話，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)安全(quan)(quan)性(xing)能就可(ke)以大幅度的(de)提升(sheng)。清華學(xue)院副教授李亮(liang)表示，由于固態(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)具(ju)備不易燃的(de)特點(dian)，而且液(ye)(ye)態(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)液(ye)(ye)也不會(hui)(hui)在(zai)其中出現(xian)，腐蝕性(xing)也是(shi)(shi)不存在(zai)的(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)安全(quan)(quan)性(xing)因此也會(hui)(hui)更高(gao)。符合(he)未來電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)發展趨勢。

目前(qian)(qian)來看，世界主流汽車(che)制造商紛紛將(jiang)電氣(qi)化(hua)視(shi)為未來發展要地(di)，新(xin)能源汽車(che)相對來說(shuo)在(zai)電氣(qi)化(hua)領(ling)域布(bu)局并不算超前(qian)(qian)，但(dan)電氣(qi)化(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)影響不可(ke)謂不大。根據新(xin)能源汽車(che)行業(ye)相關(guan)資料公布(bu)的電動化(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)發展情(qing)況，從(cong)各國在(zai)固(gu)態(tai)電池方面的布(bu)局來看，豐(feng)(feng)田技術較為領(ling)先，其2010年就推出硫(liu)化(hua)物固(gu)態(tai)電池，2014年該電池實(shi)驗原型能量密度達(da)到400Wh／kg。截止到2017年二月，豐(feng)(feng)田固(gu)態(tai)電池相關(guan)專利(li)數量達(da)到30件，遠遠高于其它公司。據豐(feng)(feng)田高管(guan)透(tou)露，豐(feng)(feng)田將(jiang)在(zai)2020年實(shi)現硫(liu)化(hua)物固(gu)態(tai)電池的產業(ye)化(hua)。此外，三(san)星(xing)也取(qu)得(de)了一定成果，利(li)用硫(liu)化(hua)物類固(gu)體電解質試制出2000mAh、175Wh／kg的壓層(ceng)型全固(gu)態(tai)二次電池。

國內(nei)公司(si)CATL在(zai)(zai)硫化(hua)物(wu)固態電(dian)池方面也比較成(cheng)熟(shu)，目前正加(jia)速開發EV用硫化(hua)物(wu)全固態鋰金屬電(dian)池。另外(wai)，值(zhi)得注(zhu)意(yi)的贛鋒鋰業(ye)在(zai)(zai)近期完成(cheng)了(le)第一代固態電(dian)池研(yan)(yan)發中試線項目，其樣品已經通(tong)過中汽(qi)研(yan)(yan)汽(qi)車檢驗中心(xin)的檢測，并(bing)且該項目在(zai)(zai)國內(nei)無成(cheng)功(gong)實踐(jian)先(xian)例，屬于國際(ji)領先(xian)的技術(shu)突破，預(yu)計在(zai)(zai)2019年實現量(liang)產。