該電路重要由鋰離子電池保護(hu)專用集成電(dian)路DW01，充(chong)(chong)、放電(dian)控制MOSFET1(內含(han)兩只N溝道MOSFET)等部分組(zu)成，單體(ti)鋰離子電(dian)池接(jie)(jie)在(zai)B+和(he)B-之(zhi)間，電(dian)池組(zu)從(cong)p+和(he)p-輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)壓。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)壓接(jie)(jie)在(zai)p+和(he)p-之(zhi)間，電(dian)流從(cong)p+到單體(ti)電(dian)池的B+和(he)B-，再經過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)控制MOSFET到p-。

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)，當(dang)單體電(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓超過4.35V時，專(zhuan)用集成電(dian)(dian)路DW01的(de)OC腳輸出信號使充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)控制MOSFET關斷，鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池立即停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，從而防止鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池因(yin)過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)而損壞(huai)。

放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)，當(dang)單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)到2.30V時(shi)，DW01的OD腳輸(shu)出(chu)信號使放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控制MOSFET關斷，鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)立即(ji)停(ting)止放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，從(cong)而防止鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)因過(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)而損(sun)壞，DW01的CS腳為電(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢測腳，輸(shu)出(chu)短路(lu)時(shi)，充放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控制MOSFET的導通壓降(jiang)劇增，CS腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓迅速升高，DW01輸(shu)出(chu)信號使充放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控制MOSFET迅速關斷，從(cong)而實現過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流或短路(lu)保(bao)護。

過(guo)充(chong)電的(de)控制方(fang)法有什么?

為了(le)防止電(dian)(dian)池過(guo)充，要對(dui)充電(dian)(dian)終(zhong)點進行控制，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池充滿時，會有一(yi)些特別的信(xin)息(xi)可利(li)用來判斷充電(dian)(dian)是(shi)否達到終(zhong)點。一(yi)般有以下六種方法來防止電(dian)(dian)池被過(guo)充：

1.峰值電(dian)壓控制：通過(guo)檢(jian)測電(dian)池的(de)峰值電(dian)壓來判斷充電(dian)的(de)終(zhong)點;

2.dT/dt控制：通過檢測電(dian)池峰值溫度(du)變化(hua)率來判斷充電(dian)的終點;

3.T控(kong)制(zhi)：電(dian)池充滿電(dian)時溫度和環(huan)境溫度之差會達到最大;

4.-V控(kong)制：當電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)達到(dao)一(yi)峰(feng)值電(dian)(dian)壓后，電(dian)(dian)壓會下(xia)降一(yi)定的值;

5.計時控制(zhi)：通過設置(zhi)一(yi)定的充電時間(jian)來(lai)控制(zhi)充電終點，一(yi)般設定要充進130%標稱容量(liang)所需的時間(jian)來(lai)控制(zhi);

6.TCO控制：考慮電池(chi)的安(an)全和特(te)性應當(dang)防止高溫(wen)(高溫(wen)電池(chi)除外)充電，因此當(dang)電池(chi)溫(wen)度升高60時(shi)應當(dang)停止充電。

什么是(shi)過充電，對電池性能有何影響(xiang)?

過充(chong)電(dian)是(shi)指電(dian)池經一定充(chong)電(dian)過程充(chong)滿電(dian)后(hou)，再繼續(xu)充(chong)電(dian)的行為。

由于在設計時，負極(ji)容(rong)量比正極(ji)容(rong)量要高，因此，正極(ji)出現(xian)的(de)(de)氣體透過(guo)(guo)隔膜紙(zhi)和負極(ji)出現(xian)的(de)(de)鎘(ge)復合(he)。故一般情(qing)況下，電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)內壓不(bu)會(hui)有明顯升(sheng)高，但假如充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流過(guo)(guo)大，或充電(dian)(dian)時間過(guo)(guo)長，出現(xian)的(de)(de)氧氣來不(bu)及被消(xiao)耗(hao)，就可能造成內壓升(sheng)高，電(dian)(dian)池變(bian)形，漏(lou)液(ye)，等不(bu)良現(xian)象。同時，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)性能也會(hui)顯著降低。

充電(dian)(dian)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池過充電(dian)(dian)、過放電(dian)(dian)、短路保護電(dian)(dian)路均衡(heng)的重要意(yi)義

鋰(li)電池(chi)組(zu)在市場以及各個領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用已(yi)經屢見(jian)不鮮，給我們的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)，工業等等帶來(lai)了很多的(de)(de)(de)益處，當然，鋰(li)電池(chi)組(zu)在沖放電的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)最(zui)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)一個環(huan)節(jie)就是(shi)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)環(huan)節(jie)，因為你(ni)需(xu)要(yao)保(bao)證鋰(li)電池(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)以及輸出(chu)合理到(dao)每一節(jie)電池(chi)，目(mu)前(qian)鋰(li)電池(chi)組(zu)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)方法最(zui)常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)兩種方式(shi)，分別(bie)是(shi)耗能式(shi)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)和轉能式(shi)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)。

鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)式(shi)均(jun)衡(heng)顧名思義就是(shi)(shi)把鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組中某節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻把多余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量耗(hao)盡(jin)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)方式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)衡(heng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成本較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低，設計也是(shi)(shi)相對(dui)簡單，在鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組中單節(jie)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)能(neng)(neng)達到一致時能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)起到一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，但是(shi)(shi)相對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)方式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)衡(heng)也較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)容易出(chu)現故障，而(er)且均(jun)衡(heng)時鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)所(suo)發出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高。而(er)且有一點，因為(wei)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組中各(ge)個單節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容都不(bu)盡(jin)相同，所(suo)以(yi)每次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，容量較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量會(hui)很快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)達到飽(bao)和，由(you)于容量較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)還在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)中，容量較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)就會(hui)均(jun)衡(heng)，以(yi)類似于放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)額形式(shi)去耗(hao)除電(dian)(dian)(dian)量一直(zhi)循環直(zhi)到大(da)(da)容量的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量飽(bao)和為(wei)止，所(suo)以(yi)大(da)(da)家可以(yi)想象(xiang)時間(jian)(jian)久(jiu)了，容量較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)整體性(xing)能(neng)(neng)就會(hui)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)額下降(jiang)，這(zhe)(zhe)個就跟我們(men)手機電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)長時間(jian)(jian)用性(xing)能(neng)(neng)下降(jiang)是(shi)(shi)一個道理。所(suo)以(yi)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)式(shi)均(jun)衡(heng)存在著(zhu)很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)弊端。

鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組能(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)移(yi)式均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)也很(hen)好理解，就(jiu)是讓電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組中能(neng)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)高(gao)額鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)轉(zhuan)移(yi)到能(neng)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)上，這(zhe)種方式的(de)(de)(de)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)乍一(yi)聽確實(shi)很(hen)實(shi)用，但是在實(shi)際情況下，目前的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)移(yi)式均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)并不是很(hen)完善，因為這(zhe)種方式的(de)(de)(de)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)并不能(neng)通過(guo)檢測(ce)單節電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)來(lai)進行能(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)(de)(de)，而是通過(guo)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)(liang)來(lai)進行能(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)(de)(de)，當高(gao)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)向低(di)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)轉(zhuan)移(yi)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，因為均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)電(dian)流以及充電(dian)電(dian)流時固定的(de)(de)(de)，不可控的(de)(de)(de)，所以在轉(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，低(di)容量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)可能(neng)會(hui)(hui)達到過(guo)充值，鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)保護板就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)工作從(cong)而停止充電(dian)，那(nei)么整個循(xun)環就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)因此終止。