可(ke)(ke)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)怎(zen)么(me)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)對于很多不(bu)(bu)了(le)解電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)朋友來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)應(ying)該是(shi)一個比(bi)較難的(de)(de)(de)問題，那么(me)可(ke)(ke)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法是(shi)怎(zen)么(me)樣的(de)(de)(de)呢？這(zhe)個首先要弄清楚的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)屬于什么(me)類型的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，因為每一種化學電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)理想充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法并不(bu)(bu)一樣。舉例(li)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，NiCd電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)采用了(le) 1.3Vdc的(de)(de)(de)涓流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式(shi)，其充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)終止由時間、電(dian)(dian)壓和溫度等因素決(jue)定。這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最(zui)主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)缺點是(shi)記(ji)憶效應(ying)，即(ji)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會記(ji)住放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)時刻的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，當下次充(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)后，并不(bu)(bu)會釋放(fang)(fang)全部的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能。

涓流充電方式可同樣應用于鎳氫電池中(zhong)，這(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)會以C/50的涓流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)率(lv)持續供電(dian)(dian)而不會對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)產生損害。如果要更快(kuai)地充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)—以1C的速率(lv)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，則必須對(dui)(dui)其終止以避免電(dian)(dian)池(chi)不會在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)遭到損害。

對于鋰離子電池來(lai)(lai)說，其(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術又是(shi)另(ling)一種狀況。要想(xiang)對鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池滿充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，必(bi)須采(cai)用(yong)兩步(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)辦法。在第一個(ge)周期內，采(cai)用(yong)恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)方(fang)式，將(jiang)每個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)提升到4.1～4.2V；接(jie)下來(lai)(lai)，恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式會讓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減小到額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)3%，使其(qi)來(lai)(lai)抵消電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池和保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式又被稱為top－off。

要控(kong)制(zhi)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)或電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)或放電(dian)(dian)，一個保護控(kong)制(zhi)模塊(kuai)（PCM）是(shi)必須的(de)(de)。因(yin)為(wei)該(gai)電(dian)(dian)路會改(gai)變電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)和應用，所(suo)以每個應用有其自己的(de)(de)PCM。

各種可(ke)充(chong)電電池的(de)充(chong)電特性和終止技術是如此的(de)不同，所以很難(nan)用相同的(de)充(chong)電器給不同的(de)電池充(chong)電。

不過為了解決這個麻煩，現在很多充電器廠商都推出了智能多功能充電器，比如格瑞普IMARS DUAL D600雙通道平衡充電器既(ji)可(ke)以選擇(ze)充(chong)鎳氫(qing)電池(chi)模式，也可(ke)以選擇(ze)充(chong)鋰電池(chi)模式，甚至還可(ke)以選擇(ze)需要充(chong)電電池(chi)的(de)電壓大(da)小(xiao)等，使(shi)用起來很是方便。

如果不(bu)同的電(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)了相同的充(chong)電(dian)器，有兩種(zhong)辦法可以(yi)阻(zu)止錯誤(wu)地(di)充(chong)電(dian)。第(di)一(yi)個方法是(shi)電(dian)池(chi)的機(ji)械接口不(bu)同從而使充(chong)電(dian)器只能(neng)選擇合適的電(dian)池(chi)，第(di)二種(zhong)是(shi)讓(rang)不(bu)同電(dian)池(chi)組的接口保(bao)持一(yi)樣，但使用(yong)智能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)器，該(gai)充(chong)電(dian)器能(neng)探測出電(dian)池(chi)的類型。

使用(yong)智能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)優點是使得產(chan)品(pin)工程師可不用(yong)考慮電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)化學成份而為產(chan)品(pin)使用(yong)通用(yong)結(jie)構，以節(jie)省開發時間和(he)產(chan)品(pin)加工成本。唯一的(de)缺(que)點是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)最終(zhong)成本上升了，因為要(yao)使用(yong)特殊(shu)的(de)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，為了實(shi)施充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環還必須使用(yong)不同的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。