電動車續航不給力的時候，很多朋友都會萌生將兩個電動車電池并(bing)聯起(qi)來(lai)使用(yong)的(de)想法，那么電(dian)(dian)動車電(dian)(dian)池可以(yi)兩組并(bing)聯在一起(qi)使用(yong)嗎？這(zhe)個(ge)問題對于普通用(yong)戶來(lai)說，小編(bian)是不建議的(de)，因為對電(dian)(dian)池相關知識不了解的(de)話，會讓電(dian)(dian)池續航和(he)使用(yong)壽(shou)命得(de)不到(dao)充分發揮的(de)。下面就做簡單(dan)的(de)介(jie)紹吧(ba)？

1、加(jia)電(dian)瓶(ping)并聯使用是可(ke)以，但是你加(jia)的(de)那電(dian)池必須要單獨(du)充電(dian)，不(bu)然一(yi)起充電(dian)，你所加(jia)的(de)電(dian)池壽命很短(duan)。

2、電瓶分類介紹：

（1）普通蓄電池；普通蓄電池的極板是由鉛和鉛的氧化物構成，電解液是硫酸的水溶液。它的主要優點是電壓穩定、價格便宜；缺點是比能低(即每公斤蓄電池存儲的電能)、使用壽命短和日常維護頻繁。
（2）免維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)：免維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)由于自身(shen)結(jie)構上的(de)優勢，電(dian)解液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)消耗量非常(chang)小，在使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命內(nei)基本(ben)(ben)不(bu)需要補充蒸餾水。它還具有耐震、耐高溫、體積小、自放電(dian)小的(de)特點。使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命一(yi)般為(wei)普通蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)兩倍。市(shi)場上的(de)免維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)也有兩種：第一(yi)種在購(gou)買時一(yi)次性加電(dian)解液(ye)(ye)(ye)以(yi)后(hou)使(shi)用(yong)中不(bu)需要維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(添加補充液(ye)(ye)(ye))；另一(yi)種是電(dian)池(chi)本(ben)(ben)身(shen)出廠時就(jiu)已經(jing)加好電(dian)解液(ye)(ye)(ye)并封死，用(yong)戶根本(ben)(ben)就(jiu)不(bu)能加補充液(ye)(ye)(ye)。

（3）干(gan)(gan)荷蓄(xu)電池：它的全稱是干(gan)(gan)式荷電鉛酸蓄(xu)電池，它的主(zhu)要特點是負極板(ban)有較(jiao)高的儲(chu)電能力(li)，在(zai)完(wan)全干(gan)(gan)燥狀態下，能在(zai)兩年內保(bao)存所得到的電量，使(shi)用(yong)時，只需加(jia)入電解液(ye)，等過20—30分鐘就(jiu)可使(shi)用(yong)。

3、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在用(yong)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，兩(liang)極分別生成(cheng)鉛和二氧化鉛。移去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源后，它又恢(hui)復到放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前的(de)狀態，組(zu)成(cheng)化學電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池是(shi)能反(fan)復充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，叫做二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。它的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)2V，通常(chang)把三個鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池串(chuan)聯起來使用(yong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)6V。汽車上用(yong)的(de)是(shi)6個鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池串(chuan)聯成(cheng)12V的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組(zu)。普通鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在使用(yong)一段(duan)時間后要(yao)補(bu)充蒸餾水，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)保持含有(you)22～28%的(de)稀(xi)硫酸。

中國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車聯盟成員回答：你想(xiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶并聯使用是可以，但(dan)(dan)是你加(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)那電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)必(bi)須要(yao)單獨(du)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，不然(ran)一起(qi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，你所加(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命很短，我(wo)就過去這(zhe)樣做過，并且加(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)那個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很容易把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充爆(bao)喲，自己注意，如(ru)(ru)果想(xiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)建議用串連方式接線。我(wo)的(de)現(xian)在也是并連，但(dan)(dan)是我(wo)是單獨(du)進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)。串連就是增加(jia)(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，但(dan)(dan)是如(ru)(ru)果你并聯雖(sui)然(ran)沒有明顯(xian)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，但(dan)(dan)是你還是在加(jia)(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)時更換一個DC轉換器(qi)，但(dan)(dan)是也許容易損害控制(zhi)器(qi)，這(zhe)點必(bi)須告訴你，如(ru)(ru)果質(zhi)量(liang)比較(jiao)好的(de)控制(zhi)器(qi)，如(ru)(ru)果質(zhi)量(liang)不好的(de)，那是很容易壞的(de)喲

閥控式(shi)密封(feng)鉛酸蓄(xu)電池的并聯(lian)充(chong)電

1、電(dian)池并聯(lian)(lian)只是(shi)增大(da)其(qi)容量,好比兩個10AH并聯(lian)(lian)后為20AH所以對電(dian)機及控制器沒影(ying)響.新舊,好壞(huai)電(dian)池的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)恰當并聯(lian)(lian)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)可取的(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)但得(de)不(bu)(bu)到(dao)預期的(de)(de)效(xiao)果還會損壞(huai)好的(de)(de)電(dian)池.

2、電(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量差不多，可以用一(yi)個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，但要換成(cheng)大電(dian)(dian)流的，小電(dian)(dian)流對電(dian)(dian)池有(you)點(dian)過(guo)充(chong)

兩個正極用空(kong)開(kai)(kai)斷開(kai)(kai)。兩個沖電(dian)(dian)口，兩個沖電(dian)(dian)器分(fen)開(kai)(kai)沖電(dian)(dian)。沖滿后(hou)合(he)上空(kong)開(kai)(kai)并聯(lian)放電(dian)(dian)。理論上雙電(dian)(dian)是單電(dian)(dian)的里程(cheng)X2.但并聯(lian)后(hou)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)變小，應該能(neng)多跑出個8~10公里的樣(yang)子吧

3、蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組傳統的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式都是(shi)采用(yong)串(chuan)聯(lian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式。當前(qian)電(dian)(dian)動車(che)上(shang)使用(yong)的36V和48V閥(fa)控(kong)式密封鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，就是(shi)由(you)3和4只(zhi)12V電(dian)(dian)池(chi)串(chuan)聯(lian)而(er)成(cheng)的。以(yi)前(qian)人們擔心(xin)若將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)（或(huo)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組）進(jin)行(xing)并聯(lian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，會因為并聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)（或(huo)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組）的電(dian)(dian)壓不均勻(yun)而(er)產生(sheng)偏流效應，甚至于出現(xian)一部分(fen)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)對(dui)另一部分(fen)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)（放）電(dian)(dian)，導(dao)致加劇并聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)（或(huo)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組）的不均勻(yun)性。可是(shi)我們的試(shi)驗結果表明，并聯(lian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)不會出現(xian)上(shang)述情況。相反(fan)，并聯(lian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)對(dui)改善(shan)電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)（或(huo)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組）的均勻(yun)性有利。以(yi)下介(jie)紹(shao)我們在(zai)中(zhong)商(shang)國(guo)通電(dian)(dian)子有限公司中(zhong)心(xin)試(shi)驗室進(jin)行(xing)的試(shi)驗結果，供感興趣的人員參考。試(shi)驗用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都是(shi)從該公司生(sheng)產車(che)間隨機抽取的。

我們將5只(zhi)采(cai)用串聯(lian)(lian)內化成方(fang)式化成完畢后(hou)的2V/200Ah的膠體VRLA電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)分(fen)(fen)兩組(zu)進(jin)行并聯(lian)(lian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)驗。試(shi)驗時(shi)每只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的分(fen)(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路均接(jie)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表，測(ce)(ce)取(qu)(qu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經各分(fen)(fen)路的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)(fen)別是(shi)(shi)I1、I2…等。總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路上也接(jie)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表，測(ce)(ce)取(qu)(qu)總的放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Io。第(di)一(yi)組(zu)2只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)預先分(fen)(fen)別用100A恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)30min(2號(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi))和(he)60min（1號(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)），然后(hou)并聯(lian)(lian)起來進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。第(di)一(yi)步是(shi)(shi)恒(heng)壓2.4V限流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)80A（總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)），第(di)二步是(shi)(shi)保持恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓2.4V，直(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不變(bian)為(wei)止(見圖6-4)。第(di)二組(zu)3只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)預先分(fen)(fen)別用100A恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)30min、60min和(he)90min，然后(hou)并聯(lian)(lian)起來進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式跟第(di)一(yi)組(zu)2只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)相同(tong)，總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)100A（更圖6-5）。

1．并聯充電(dian)過程中的電(dian)流分配

由于流(liu)(liu)經各個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是按照每個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)態的(de)(de)不同而自動調節的(de)(de)。1號電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)預先(xian)(xian)放出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)較(jiao)多，剩余的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)較(jiao)少，那么它(ta)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就(jiu)較(jiao)大(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到73min時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)達(da)到最大(da)值50.9A，然后就(jiu)逐漸(jian)下降；2號電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)預先(xian)(xian)放出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)較(jiao)少。剩余的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)較(jiao)多，那么它(ta)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就(jiu)較(jiao)小(xiao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)達(da)到最大(da)值32.4A（充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)30min）后也就(jiu)逐漸(jian)下降。此后隨(sui)著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)(de)進行(xing)，各個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)相差就(jiu)小(xiao)，則充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)差別(bie)也就(jiu)逐步減(jian)小(xiao)。待到各個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)基本上充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)（充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)5.5h），那么各個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就(jiu)逐步趨于一致(zhi)。

試驗結(jie)果表明(ming)，流經各(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組）的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的總和(he)(he)與流過(guo)總線路上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流值是(shi)相同的。這意(yi)味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車用(yong)閥控式密封鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)并(bing)聯充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中不(bu)會出現(xian)某個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組）對另(ling)一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組）進行(xing)充（放）電(dian)(dian)(dian)的情況。過(guo)去人們(men)把蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)并(bing)聯充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時各(ge)個分路中流過(guo)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不(bu)一致(zhi)視為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用(yong)維護工作的“禁區”，現(xian)在看來有(you)必要進行(xing)修正。因為(wei)正是(shi)這種“偏流”效應才使原來荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)態不(bu)一致(zhi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)趨向一致(zhi)。現(xian)在觀察到MH／Ni電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)也有(you)這一規律。

2．并聯充電過(guo)程中的電壓變(bian)化(hua)

2只電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)并(bing)聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，雖(sui)然它們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會不(bu)斷升(sheng)高（如(ru)圖6-7所示(shi)），但在充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)前，它們(men)始(shi)終(zhong)是(shi)不(bu)一(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)，兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差(cha)(cha)（U2-U1）的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化如(ru)圖6-8所示(shi)。開始(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)30min內（U2-U1）幾乎保(bao)持20mV不(bu)變，此后(hou)很(hen)快加大(da)到(dao)最(zui)大(da)值40mV。這顯然跟2號電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)已充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)突升(sheng)之(zhi)際有關。但由于受到(dao)恒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制，2號電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)開始(shi)下降，導致總充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下降，u1和U2也就逐漸接(jie)近。最(zui)后(hou)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相同，總充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)也最(zui)小。此時各電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)微小差(cha)(cha)別，則反映了它們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度不(bu)完全相同。

既(ji)然兩只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不同，那么并(bing)聯(lian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)為什(shen)么不會出(chu)現某個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對另(ling)一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)（放）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)情況(kuang)呢？這是因為蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)U1總是要(yao)高于(yu)其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢E（或開(kai)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)）值，其差(cha)值△U1（通常有60~70mV）就(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)內(nei)阻(zu)壓(ya)(ya)降，它是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流I跟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻(zu)r（包括歐姆內(nei)阻(zu)、濃差(cha)極(ji)化(hua)內(nei)阻(zu)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學極(ji)化(hua)內(nei)阻(zu)）的(de)乘(cheng)積，即(ji)U1=E+△U1；當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)處于(yu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態時，其端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)U2必然低于(yu)其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢（或開(kai)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)），差(cha)值△U2是放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流跟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻(zu)的(de)乘(cheng)積，即(ji)U2=E－△U2。在10h率放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況(kuang)下，△U2跟△U1相近。因而兩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)并(bing)聯(lian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，如要(yao)使(shi)一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對另(ling)一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)差(cha)必須大于(yu)2△U1，即(ji)需(xu)要(yao)100~150mV以上。圖(tu)6-8所列(lie)的(de)U2～U1值遠(yuan)小于(yu)2△U1，當(dang)然不會出(chu)現2號電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對1號電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)情況(kuang)。

3．并聯充電(dian)(dian)對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)均勻性的影響(xiang)

表6-3所(suo)列的三只2V/200Ah膠體密封鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，其內化成和(he)首次(ci)(ci)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)均采用串(chuan)聯(lian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式，以(yi)后的各次(ci)(ci)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)也(ye)均采用并聯(lian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。可以(yi)看出，三只電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)首次(ci)(ci)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量約為(wei)額定(ding)容(rong)量的88%，它們(men)之間(jian)的差別較大，相對(dui)極(ji)差達(da)到(dao)5.4%，標(biao)準差σ為(wei)4.23。此后又進行了3次(ci)(ci)并聯(lian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)和(he)串(chuan)聯(lian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。不但電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量已超過額定(ding)值，而且各電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)之間(jian)的差別也(ye)進一步(bu)減小：相對(dui)極(ji)差由5.4%降到(dao)1.5%，標(biao)準差σ也(ye)由4.23降到(dao)1.44。

將上述電(dian)池(chi)并聯(lian)充電(dian)后(hou)，在(zai)室溫20~30℃條件下(xia)擱置4個月(yue)，其放電(dian)容量有所(suo)(suo)下(xia)降，相(xiang)對極差(cha)和標準差(cha)σ也(ye)有所(suo)(suo)增加。接著進行并聯(lian)充電(dian)，結果不僅(jin)使電(dian)動汽車電(dian)池(chi)容量得(de)(de)到恢復，而且它們(men)之間(jian)的均勻性也(ye)得(de)(de)到了(le)改善。

表(biao)6-4列(lie)出(chu)了(le)6塊6DZM10電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)分成(cheng)2組(zu)在(zai)(zai)進行并(bing)(bing)聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)后，5A放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化情況。第1組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（1、2、3號）原來(lai)(lai)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間較短(duan)，這(zhe)可(ke)能跟它(ta)們原先(xian)(xian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)足有(you)關，在(zai)(zai)并(bing)(bing)聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)比(bi)另一(yi)(yi)組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)較多，其放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間就(jiu)會(hui)顯著(zhu)延長(chang)；第2組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（4、5、6號）原來(lai)(lai)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間雖(sui)然較長(chang)，但(dan)各(ge)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差別(bie)較大，在(zai)(zai)并(bing)(bing)聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)較小(xiao)，相(xiang)當于進行了(le)均(jun)充(chong)。因而經過(guo)并(bing)(bing)聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，雖(sui)然放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間增加很少，但(dan)使(shi)3塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)差別(bie)減(jian)小(xiao)了(le)。并(bing)(bing)聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)所以(yi)可(ke)以(yi)改(gai)善蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)勻性，就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)于利用了(le)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)并(bing)(bing)聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“偏(pian)流(liu)(liu)”現(xian)象。因為充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)流(liu)(liu)經各(ge)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，是根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)本(ben)身充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)飽和程度自動(dong)(dong)(dong)調節的(de)(de)(de)(de)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)階(jie)段，原先(xian)(xian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)會(hui)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)分配到較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，原先(xian)(xian)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)態(tai)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)會(hui)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)分配到較小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，隨(sui)著(zhu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)進行，它(ta)們之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)差別(bie)會(hui)逐漸減(jian)小(xiao)，最后使(shi)得各(ge)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)態(tai)趨向一(yi)(yi)致，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)相(xiang)同，“偏(pian)流(liu)(liu)”現(xian)象消失。

由(you)此可(ke)見(jian)，不論是(shi)2V的(de)單(dan)(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)還是(shi)12V或36V的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)，并(bing)(bing)聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)都(dou)有利(li)于改善它們(men)的(de)均勻性。實踐(jian)經驗證明，每隔1個月對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)(jin)行一次(ci)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流并(bing)(bing)聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使用壽(shou)命(ming)是(shi)很有效的(de)。這里應當(dang)(dang)指出，每塊(kuai)6DZM10電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)由(you)6只(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)串(chuan)聯而(er)成的(de)，因(yin)而(er)在對2個整塊(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)(jin)行并(bing)(bing)聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，每塊(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)部(bu)的(de)6只(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)仍(reng)舊是(shi)串(chuan)聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)(dang)某個單(dan)(dan)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)部(bu)出現微短路或嚴重失水導致(zhi)整塊(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)性能下降時(shi)，那么并(bing)(bing)聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對它們(men)之間(jian)的(de)均勻性所起的(de)作用就(jiu)不太顯(xian)著了(le)。

需要注意的事項：

電動車電池在進行并聯使用的時候，首要遵循的原則是，必須是同種類型的電池，然后就是盡量（非必要的應急情況下）不要新舊電池一起并聯使用，因為新舊并聯使用的話，舊電池會更快放完電，而且會經常深度放電，會加速舊電池使用壽命的消耗，最后就是要有合適的電池適配電路，保障電池的充放電保護。