鎳鎘電池作為鎳氫電池和鋰電池(chi)的“前(qian)輩”，其生(sheng)產制造技(ji)術相(xiang)對(dui)簡(jian)單成熟，被廣(guang)泛應(ying)用于日常生(sheng)活中(zhong)(zhong)很(hen)多(duo)電子中(zhong)(zhong)，那么鎳鎘電池(chi)的優缺點是什么呢？

（一）鎳鎘(ge)電池的(de)優點：

1、“結實(shi)”、價格便宜(yi)；

鎳鎘電池是最早出現的干式充電電池，現技術成熟(shu)、價格低廉，售價僅堿性電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的三、四倍，實(shi)際使用(yong)相當于500節糊式鋅錳電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，故使用(yong)費(fei)非常低。它(ta)的正極(ji)采(cai)用(yong)氫氧化(hua)鎳，負極(ji)為氧化(hua)鎘，電(dian)(dian)解質為氫氧化(hua)鉀。額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓1.2伏，出廠時為放(fang)電(dian)(dian)狀態，初(chu)始電(dian)(dian)壓不高于1.0伏。這是假冒(mao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)或舊充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)與新品的明顯區別。

2、放電平臺穩定

滿(man)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)的(de)最大電(dian)(dian)壓可達1.6V～1.8V，開始工作后(hou)(hou)，很快就回落在額定電(dian)(dian)壓上。此(ci)后(hou)(hou)能保(bao)持很長時(shi)(shi)間的(de)穩定電(dian)(dian)壓值，到電(dian)(dian)量用完(wan)時(shi)(shi)，才迅速下(xia)跌。

3、自放電低

鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的最終放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為1.0 V。自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率大，達25%～28%/月，不宜(yi)充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保存。鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內阻極小，能(neng)提供(gong)特別大的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可達6A，并且(qie)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓穩(wen)定。

4、耐過充電池

鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應(ying)采用(yong)恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，可(ke)(ke)大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)充(chong)(chong)足(zu)后(hou)，若繼(ji)續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)反而會下降，故(gu)(gu)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)增量(liang)（－△V）自(zi)(zi)動控(kong)制(zhi)，結束充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。若充(chong)(chong)足(zu)后(hou)繼(ji)續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)將全部轉化成熱(re)能(neng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發熱(re)劇烈，溫升可(ke)(ke)達(da)（△T/△t）來自(zi)(zi)動結束充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)一大(da)(da)優點為過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)危(wei)險(xian)性不大(da)(da)，涓流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)話，過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)幾乎沒(mei)有影(ying)響(xiang)。故(gu)(gu)可(ke)(ke)以用(yong)廉價的(de)(de)半波整流(liu)串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻限流(liu)的(de)(de)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，開(kai)始(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)較大(da)(da)，此(ci)后(hou)逐步(bu)減小，不需具(ju)備定(ding)時或充(chong)(chong)足(zu)自(zi)(zi)動結束功(gong)能(neng)。稍好的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)恒(heng)流(liu)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，定(ding)時自(zi)(zi)動切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。

（二(er)）鎳鎘(ge)電池的缺點

1、能量密度比低

電(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)小，鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)池的能(neng)量(liang)重量(liang)比50Wh/Kg，能(neng)量(liang)體積比150Wh/L，是幾種(zhong)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池中最差的。由能(neng)量(liang)體積比不(bu)高，5號鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)池的容量(liang)只與(yu)糊式鋅(xin)錳電(dian)(dian)池持平，約500mAh。

2、有記憶效應

鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)氫(qing)和鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)鎘電(dian)池的(de)工作電(dian)壓都是(shi)1.2V。但是(shi)鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)氫(qing)的(de)體積比(bi)能量(liang)比(bi)鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)鎘電(dian)池高。鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)鎘電(dian)池有(you)很(hen)強的(de)記憶(yi)效應，鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)氫(qing)的(de)記憶(yi)效應很(hen)小(xiao)。

3、對環境有污染

同時鎳鎘電池(chi)中含(han)有重金屬(shu)鎘，目前已經禁止使用。但是由于鎳鎘電池(chi)優異的大倍率放電性能，在很多電動工具方面，鎳氫電池(chi)還不(bu)能代替(ti)鎳鎘電池(chi)。

4、壽命短

與鎳氫電池(chi)和鋰電池(chi)的(de)使(shi)用壽命(ming)相(xiang)比，要更短些。