一般電池行業的人都知道，鋰電池充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能好(hao)壞(huai)受(shou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)變(bian)化(hua)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)有(you)(you)很大的(de)關系，在(zai)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)容(rong)量保(bao)(bao)持(chi)率(lv)就有(you)(you)所下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)越(yue)(yue)低(di)，能放(fang)(fang)出(chu)(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量越(yue)(yue)小，甚(shen)至無法放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能的(de)所有(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)因素中，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)變(bian)化(hua)的(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)最大，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)/電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)與環(huan)(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)有(you)(you)關，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)/電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)被視為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)心臟(zang)。如(ru)果溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)反應(ying)率(lv)也下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，假設電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓保(bao)(bao)持(chi)不(bu)變(bian)，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)，鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)功率(lv)輸出(chu)(chu)也會下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。如(ru)果溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)上升(sheng)(sheng)則相(xiang)反，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)輸出(chu)(chu)功率(lv)會上升(sheng)(sheng)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)也影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)的(de)傳(chuan)送(song)速度(du)(du)(du)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)上升(sheng)(sheng)則加快，傳(chuan)送(song)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，傳(chuan)送(song)減慢，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能也會受(shou)到(dao)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)。但溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)太高，超過45℃鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)廣(guang)泛(fan)地應(ying)用到(dao)人們的(de)生產生活(huo)當(dang)中，這使得它(ta)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)成(cheng)為關注的(de)要點，相(xiang)對來說，鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更容(rong)易在(zai)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)產生安(an)全(quan)問(wen)題，因此，必須對鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)能的(de)測試(shi)，并與其常(chang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)測試(shi)數(shu)據相(xiang)比(bi)較(jiao)。

溫度(du)的(de)(de)變(bian)化直接影響了鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能(neng)和(he)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出來的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)小。溫度(du)降(jiang)低(di)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內阻加大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)應速(su)度(du)放(fang)(fang)(fang)慢，極化內阻迅(xun)速(su)增(zeng)加，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平臺下(xia)降(jiang)，影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池功率和(he)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)輸出。對于(yu)鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，低(di)溫條件(jian)下(xia)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)急劇下(xia)降(jiang)，但在高(gao)(gao)溫情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)并不比常(chang)溫低(di)，有時(shi)(shi)還會(hui)略高(gao)(gao)于(yu)常(chang)溫容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，主要是高(gao)(gao)溫情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)遷(qian)移速(su)度(du)加快(kuai)，鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極不像鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極和(he)和(he)貯氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極那樣在高(gao)(gao)溫情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)產生分解或形成(cheng)氫(qing)氣使(shi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)下(xia)降(jiang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池模塊低(di)溫放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，隨(sui)著(zhu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)進行，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻等原因(yin)產生熱量(liang)(liang)(liang)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度(du)升高(gao)(gao)，表現(xian)(xian)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有抬升現(xian)(xian)象，隨(sui)著(zhu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)進行，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)再逐漸下(xia)降(jiang)。

目前鋰電(dian)池行業還沒有明(ming)確(que)的(de)理論支撐其各溫(wen)度(du)性(xing)能下(xia)的(de)內阻、放電(dian)平臺(tai)、壽(shou)命、容(rong)量等(deng)必然聯系(xi)，相關(guan)(guan)的(de)計算(suan)公式和(he)數學(xue)模型還在摸索階段。在實(shi)際(ji)的(de)實(shi)驗(yan)證明(ming)下(xia)，鋰電(dian)池對0-40℃這(zhe)個區(qu)間的(de)溫(wen)度(du)并(bing)不敏(min)感(gan)，如果在充放電(dian)時溫(wen)度(du)變化低于(yu)0℃或者(zhe)高于(yu)40℃，鋰電(dian)池的(de)循環壽(shou)命和(he)容(rong)量就會低于(yu)正(zheng)常數值，溫(wen)度(du)超出的(de)范(fan)圍(wei)越(yue)大，容(rong)量與壽(shou)命就較(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)的(de)越(yue)多。打個比方：一到了冬天特(te)別是(shi)北方較(jiao)(jiao)寒(han)冷的(de)地區(qu)，手(shou)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)池電(dian)量使用的(de)時間要比夏天短(duan)很多，這(zhe)就是(shi)與溫(wen)度(du)變化有關(guan)(guan)，并(bing)不是(shi)手(shou)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)池不耐用的(de)原(yuan)因。

不同材料鋰電池的低溫性能也有區別，舉個例子磷酸鐵鋰電池是(shi)低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)最差的(de)(de)，我們(men)恒帝電(dian)池(chi)研發的(de)(de)磷(lin)酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)-10℃時(shi)放出(chu)容(rong)量為最大(da)容(rong)量的(de)(de)89%，應該在(zai)業(ye)內已經(jing)是(shi)比較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)；在(zai)55℃下放出(chu)容(rong)量可達(da)到95%，相對低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)的(de)(de)衰減還(huan)是(shi)比較少的(de)(de)。但是(shi)錳(meng)(meng)酸(suan)鋰(li)、鈷酸(suan)鋰(li)和(he)三元產(chan)品的(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)要好一(yi)些，但是(shi)也(ye)有(you)限；而犧牲的(de)(de)是(shi)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。現在(zai)業(ye)內吹磷(lin)酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)高(gao)(gao)，高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)好，其實是(shi)電(dian)池(chi)活性(xing)(xing)沒有(you)上述三種高(gao)(gao)，相對安(an)全(quan)一(yi)些。整體性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)還(huan)是(shi)不(bu)如錳(meng)(meng)鋰(li)或三元的(de)(de)。一(yi)到了冬天特別是(shi)北方(fang)較寒冷的(de)(de)地區，手(shou)機電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)量使用的(de)(de)時(shi)間要比夏天短很多。

鋰(li)離子(zi)電池(chi)越(yue)來越(yue)廣泛地應用到人們的生(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)活當中(zhong)，這(zhe)使得它的溫(wen)度(du)環境成(cheng)為關注的要點，相(xiang)對來說(shuo)，鋰(li)電池(chi)更(geng)容易在高(gao)溫(wen)環境下產生(sheng)(sheng)安全問題，因此，必須對鋰(li)電池(chi)進(jin)行高(gao)溫(wen)性能(neng)的測試，并與其常溫(wen)測試數據相(xiang)比(bi)較。

測(ce)試(shi)條件：選擇兩(liang)只恒帝電(dian)池生產(chan)的聚合物鋰(li)電(dian)池603048-950mAh方形鋰(li)電(dian)池，分(fen)別(bie)在(zai)25℃(常溫)和60℃(高(gao)溫)下進行(xing)。

充放電制(zhi)度設計：適(shi)用恒流恒壓(ya)充電和恒流放電制(zhi)度。充電終(zhong)止(zhi)電壓(ya)為(wei)4.2V，放電終(zhong)止(zhi)電壓(ya)為(wei)3.0V。首先(xian)以1C即950mA充電至(zhi)4.2V，再以4.2V恒壓(ya)充電直至(zhi)截止(zhi)電流到20mA;然后以950mA恒流放電至(zhi)3.0V，如此循環充放電300次。

這里截取三(san)個(ge)節點：即第50次、150次、300次充放電循(xun)環。

一、在前50次循環過程中：
1、25℃下的表現：容量衰減過程略有起伏，但并非線性，50次后的放電容量保持在96.6%；
2、60℃下的表現：容量衰減過(guo)程接近于線性，50次(ci)后的放電容量保持(chi)在(zai)95.5%。

這(zhe)說明(ming)，在50次以內較少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)循環(huan)時，高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)循環(huan)穩定性略差于常溫(wen)循環(huan)穩定性。但(dan)這(zhe)里(li)有一個很重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象，即鋰(li)電(dian)池在高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)條(tiao)件下放出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)量高(gao)(gao)(gao)于電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定容(rong)(rong)量，這(zhe)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)在于，高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)時電(dian)解(jie)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黏(nian)度降低，從而加(jia)快了鋰(li)離子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遷移(yi)速度，這(zhe)時，不但(dan)放電(dian)容(rong)(rong)量高(gao)(gao)(gao)于額(e)定容(rong)(rong)量，而且充入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)量更高(gao)(gao)(gao)。

二、在前150次循環過程中：
1、60℃下放出的容量每次都大于25℃時放出的容量;
2、60℃下(xia)初始容量(liang)為1020mAh，高(gao)于額定容量(liang)，25℃下(xia)初始容量(liang)為930mAh ，但60℃時容量(liang)衰減較快。

三、300次循環后(hou)的(de)狀態：這時(shi)，常(chang)溫狀態下的(de)指標全面優化，在保持較慢的(de)容(rong)量衰減速度時(shi)，其容(rong)量可以保持在800mAh，而(er)60℃時(shi)只有730 mAh。此時(shi)，60℃下的(de)充放電(dian)電(dian)壓平臺越(yue)來越(yue)低，而(er)常(chang)溫下幾乎不變。

上述(shu)容量(liang)衰減的(de)(de)表現還可以從鋰(li)電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)在(zai)(zai)不同溫度下的(de)(de)電(dian)量(liang)補充(chong)情況進行(xing)佐證：在(zai)(zai)25℃下經過300次循環后，其恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)和恒(heng)壓充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)比例變(bian)化不大，但在(zai)(zai)60℃時，恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)所獲(huo)得(de)的(de)(de)電(dian)量(liang)補充(chong)逐漸減少(shao)，而恒(heng)壓階段獲(huo)得(de)的(de)(de)電(dian)量(liang)顯(xian)著增加。這是由于電(dian)池極(ji)化現象(xiang)引(yin)起的(de)(de)。

上面所說的事對于普通常規溫度工作下的鋰電池來說的，隨著鋰電池技術的發展，現在已經有了專門用于低溫環境下的低溫鋰電池，即使在(zai)﹣40℃或更(geng)低(di)(di)的(de)溫(wen)度下(xia)，也可以保持良好的(de)有效充放電容(rong)量。如下(xia)面格瑞普電池(chi)生(sheng)產(chan)制造的(de)專(zhuan)門用于(yu)低(di)(di)溫(wen)環境下(xia)的(de)低(di)(di)溫(wen)電池(chi)性(xing)能(neng)參數：

超低溫鋰聚合物電池特點(dian)

●低溫放(fang)電(dian)性(xing)能高：最(zui)低在(zai)-50℃以(yi)0.2C放(fang)電(dian)，效率60%以(yi)上;在(zai)-40℃環境下，以(yi)0.2C放(fang)電(dian)，放(fang)電(dian)能力達80%;

●優良的(de)低溫循環(huan)性能(neng)：在-30℃環(huan)境以0.5C充放(fang)電，300次循環(huan)后容量保持在85%以上;

●工(gong)作溫(wen)度范圍寬：-50°C至50°C;

●與傳統(tong)鋰(li)聚合物電池相比(bi)，突破了-20℃~ 60℃的(de)放電溫度限制。