人們總是希(xi)望使用(yong)(yong)清(qing)潔和(he)綠色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，并(bing)在(zai)(zai)生活(huo)上能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)。那么如何(he)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)儲(chu)存(cun)大量(liang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)？混合動力(li)汽車(che)使用(yong)(yong)于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。但這種動力(li)不(bu)(bu)足以(yi)持續長距(ju)離行駛(shi)并(bing)且(qie)需要(yao)許多不(bu)(bu)合時宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)加速過程中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)是很有用(yong)(yong)。太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)風能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)以(yi)恒(heng)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速率(lv)為(wei)我們提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)。它們只能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)間接地給我們提供能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)。它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)儲(chu)設(she)備也(ye)占用(yong)(yong)了大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間和(he)金(jin)錢(qian)，但它們似乎并(bing)不(bu)(bu)滿(man)足于當下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求。?太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)風能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)也(ye)提供了時間變化(hua)，有些不(bu)(bu)可預測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供應，必須將其作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)接收并(bing)存(cun)儲(chu)，直到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)存(cun)滿(man)為(wei)止。 用(yong)(yong)于存(cun)儲(chu)和(he)輸送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常規(gui)設(she)備 ，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器，無法實現(xian)高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)密度(du)，高(gao)功率(lv)和(he)快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)組合，若解決(jue)這一問題，成了我們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)未(wei)來技術突破點至關重要(yao)。“

馬里蘭(lan)大學馬里蘭(lan)納米中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學家(jia)已經開發出新的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統，用(yong)于儲(chu)存來自替代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)來源的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，在某(mou)些(xie)(xie)情況下，這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效率是商用(yong)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)10倍。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)存儲(chu)設備可(ke)以分為三組(zu)。每(mei)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)都有其(qi)優(you)點和缺點。主要由鋰離子組(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會(hui)積聚大量能(neng)(neng)量，但(dan)無法承(cheng)受(shou)高(gao)功率或快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。第二種類(lei)型是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器（ECC）。它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)點是它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)以相對較(jiao)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)提(ti)供(gong)更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功率。第三存儲(chu)設備是靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器（ESC）。它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)在兩個(ge)導(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面上存儲(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。這(zhe)樣它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)就能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)實現高(gao)功率和快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但(dan)代價是能(neng)(neng)量密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)較(jiao)低。

納米太陽能電池片

科(ke)學家(jia)們(men)正在(zai)(zai)使用新工藝來(lai)增強設(she)備(bei)的(de)電(dian)池存(cun)儲(chu)容量。它(ta)們(men)依賴于(yu)數百萬個(ge)具有特殊形狀的(de)相同納(na)(na)米結構，這(zhe)(zhe)些納(na)(na)米結構將(jiang)(jiang)利(li)(li)用電(dian)子促(cu)進能(neng)(neng)量傳輸。電(dian)子將(jiang)(jiang)來(lai)回移動并在(zai)(zai)非常(chang)(chang)大的(de)表面積存(cun)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)量。我們(men)都熟悉材料根據自然物理定律(lv)行(xing)事(shi)的(de)事(shi)實(shi)。馬里(li)蘭州的(de)研(yan)究人員正在(zai)(zai)利(li)(li)用這(zhe)(zhe)一事(shi)實(shi)。他(ta)們(men)正在(zai)(zai)利(li)(li)用這(zhe)(zhe)些行(xing)為的(de)不(bu)尋常(chang)(chang)組(zu)合(he)來(lai)產生數百萬甚(shen)至數十(shi)億微小(xiao)的(de)，幾乎無法區分的(de)納(na)(na)米結構。這(zhe)(zhe)些應該(gai)接收，存(cun)儲(chu)和(he)傳遞電(dian)能(neng)(neng)。科(ke)學家(jia)們(men)正專注于(yu)自組(zu)裝(zhuang)，自限性(xing)反應和(he)納(na)(na)米結構的(de)自對準(zhun)行(xing)為。Rubloff進一步(bu)澄清，“電(dian)能(neng)(neng)存(cun)儲(chu)系統的(de)目標是同時(shi)實(shi)現(xian)高功率和(he)高能(neng)(neng)量密(mi)度，使設(she)備(bei)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)保(bao)持大量能(neng)(neng)量，以高功率提供能(neng)(neng)量，并快速充電(dian)。”

馬里蘭州的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究團隊正在(zai)尋找靜(jing)電(dian)納(na)米電(dian)容(rong)器。它們顯(xian)著提(ti)高了此(ci)類設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儲能密度 – 比(bi)商用設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)高出10倍(bei)。這一進步使靜(jing)電(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)達(da)到與電(dian)化學電(dian)容(rong)器競爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能水(shui)平。研(yan)究團隊從一開始就(jiu)建立了商業用途的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術。它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外觀就(jiu)像是(shi)以(yi)經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薄太陽(yang)能電(dian)池(chi)板(ban)。多(duo)個存(cun)儲設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)可以(yi)在(zai)汽車電(dian)池(chi)系統內一個放(fang)在(zai)另一個上面。對于太陽(yang)能和風能存(cun)儲，他們夢想與制造中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)儲設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)完全集成。未來新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)技(ji)術將更進一步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，無論是(shi)在(zai)各個領域(yu)，相信不久納(na)米電(dian)池(chi)技(ji)術將更進一步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深入我們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活當中。