電(dian)(dian)池廣泛用于各種電(dian)(dian)子設備中，并(bing)且它們(men)非常地常見，人(ren)們(men)可能不會意(yi)識到(dao)在處理某(mou)些類(lei)型的(de)電(dian)(dian)池時它們(men)可能暴露的(de)一些危險(xian)(xian)。兩個(ge)直接危險(xian)(xian)是：1.由于短路或充電(dian)(dian)不當引(yin)起的(de)火災或爆(bao)炸，2.腐蝕性液體泄(xie)漏。其他(ta)危險(xian)(xian)包括(kuo)如果處理不當，將有(you)毒物質釋放到(dao)環境中。為了避免(mian)這些事故(gu)的(de)發生(sheng)，那(nei)么今天就來(lai)說(shuo)說(shuo)電(dian)(dian)池起火的(de)原因，以減少(shao)損失和對環境的(de)污染(ran)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)具有兩個(ge)（或更(geng)多(duo)個(ge)）端(duan)(duan)子(zi)以(yi)向(xiang)設備供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并且(qie)如果(guo)這(zhe)些端(duan)(duan)子(zi)通(tong)過(guo)具有低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的材料（例如，一塊金屬）連接(jie)，則會造(zao)成短(duan)路(lu)，在(zai)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)和(he)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)之間可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)流動非常大(da)(da)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)(nei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)大(da)(da)量熱(re)量。由于制造(zao)缺陷或對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的物理損壞(huai)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)(nei)部也可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發生(sheng)短(duan)路(lu)。在(zai)這(zhe)兩種情況下（外(wai)部或內(nei)(nei)部短(duan)路(lu)），電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)會變得很熱(re)并且(qie)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)起火并爆炸(zha)??。 即(ji)使是(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)也可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)含(han)有大(da)(da)量能(neng)(neng)(neng)量，如果(guo)由于短(duan)路(lu)而(er)迅(xun)速(su)釋放，可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)會產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)大(da)(da)量熱(re)量，產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的氣體可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)含(han)氫氣（高(gao)度易燃）。例如，額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為1安(an)(an)培小(xiao)(xiao)時（Ah）的3.6伏(fu)手機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)含(han)12,960焦耳(er)(er)(er)的能(neng)(neng)(neng)量。保持(chi)10焦耳(er)(er)(er)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)件(jian)）可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)鋁箔吹(chui)出孔，并且(qie)30焦耳(er)(er)(er)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線焊接(jie)到(dao)滾珠軸承(cheng)。額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為200 Ah的3.6伏(fu)鋰離子(zi)汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)含(han)2,592,000焦耳(er)(er)(er)，這(zhe)是(shi)一個(ge)巨(ju)大(da)(da)的能(neng)(neng)(neng)量。如果(guo)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)連接(jie)在(zai)一起，9伏(fu)堿(jian)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)大(da)(da)約9安(an)(an)培的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)在(zai)大(da)(da)約7分鐘內(nei)(nei)升高(gao)到(dao)60到(dao)94攝氏度 。短(duan)路(lu)的鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)達到(dao)120C。

汽(qi)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)設計用于快速提供大量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)（數(shu)百安培）以啟動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。短路(lu)將(jiang)(jiang)環(huan)焊接(jie)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)固定夾(jia)和扳手(shou)上(shang)(shang)。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)要卸下(xia)汽(qi)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，請(qing)務必(bi)先(xian)觸(chu)(chu)開(kai)(kai)負極(ji)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，然后(hou)再觸(chu)(chu)摸正極(ji)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)的夾(jia)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。這是因(yin)為大多數(shu)北美車(che)輛上(shang)(shang)的負極(ji)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)連(lian)接(jie)到(dao)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)和車(che)架，因(yin)此(ci)將(jiang)(jiang)正極(ji)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)到(dao)汽(qi)車(che)上(shang)(shang)的任何金屬(shu)(shu)將(jiang)(jiang)允(yun)許(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)動(dong)。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)取(qu)下(xia)負極(ji)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和汽(qi)車(che)金屬(shu)(shu)之間的連(lian)接(jie)，則可以消除(chu)可能發(fa)生(sheng)短路(lu)的大面(mian)積(ji)區域。安裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)時，首先(xian)連(lian)接(jie)正極(ji)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，最后(hou)連(lian)接(jie)負極(ji)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中會產生(sheng)氫(qing)氣，任何火(huo)花(hua)(hua)都很容易(yi)點燃，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)爆炸(zha)并釋放內部的硫酸。按照制(zhi)造商的說明連(lian)接(jie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，并在(zai)通風的空間內進行(xing)操作，此(ci)區域內沒有火(huo)焰或易(yi)起火(huo)設備（例如(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)）。首先(xian)將(jiang)(jiang)彩(cai)色編(bian)碼的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線夾(jia)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上(shang)(shang)，然后(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源連(lian)接(jie)到(dao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。完(wan)成后(hou)，在(zai)移除(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)的任一個夾(jia)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之前斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)此(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。同(tong)樣，該過程試圖避免可能發(fa)生(sheng)氫(qing)氣的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)附近(jin)的火(huo)花(hua)(hua)。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)插入120伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，然后(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)夾(jia)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)連(lian)接(jie)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，則會產生(sheng)火(huo)花(hua)(hua)。

總之，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起火的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因可以(yi)(yi)總結為(wei)：1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)未按照設(she)計意圖的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)釋(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)+內(nei)外燃燒(shao)物；2）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)可燃氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)釋(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)+燃點；3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)可燃液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)釋(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)+燃點：此處主要包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)泄漏和冷卻液(ye)泄漏兩(liang)部分。我們(men)可以(yi)(yi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系統的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)釋(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)來考慮下：1.1 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)過充(chong)，過充(chong)一(yi)(yi)般而言確實是熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)釋(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)比(bi)較(jiao)普遍的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)級熱(re)(re)(re)(re)失(shi)控事件(jian)，可以(yi)(yi)往下細(xi)分為(wei)多(duo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（模組、單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)過充(chong)）=》電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)過充(chong)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)蒸發(fa)(fa)=》熱(re)(re)(re)(re)事件(jian)，1.2 短(duan)(duan)路(lu)過流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)人熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)釋(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)/ 高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)導致(zhi)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)=》熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量，這里主要是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)內(nei)部短(duan)(duan)路(lu)和外部短(duan)(duan)路(lu)，引起導體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)＆連(lian)接器過熱(re)(re)(re)(re)、單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)過熱(re)(re)(re)(re)引發(fa)(fa)隨后的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)事件(jian)。進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步細(xi)分也可以(yi)(yi)分解成模組的(de)(de)(de)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)引發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)部件(jian)過熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。1.3 高(gao)連(lian)接阻(zu)抗(kang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)/ 高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)，導致(zhi)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)中出現高(gao)阻(zu)值的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在這一(yi)(yi)高(gao)阻(zu)點的(de)(de)(de)溫度上升，可能(neng)導致(zhi)了相鄰材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)著火和后續的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量傳播，1.4 單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)排氣(qi)(qi)產生可燃性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，隨后的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)源（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧，單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)失(shi)控）導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系統的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)余熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng) 。

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