智能電池系(xi)統(tong)，SBS是電(dian)池(chi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)領域內(nei)使用(yong)的(de)(de)規范。SBS用(yong)于(yu)確定準確的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)容量讀(du)數，并(bing)廣泛用(yong)于(yu)便(bian)攜式計算機(ji)。SBS使操作系(xi)統(tong)能(neng)夠根據剩(sheng)余的(de)(de)估計運(yun)行(xing)時間執行(xing)電(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)操作。使用(yong)智能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統(tong)SBS，耗(hao)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)還可以(yi)控(kong)制電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充電(dian)量。通過SMBus雙線(xian)(xian)通信總線(xian)(xian)進行(xing)通信。該規范始于(yu)1994年的(de)(de)金(jin)霸王公(gong)司(si)和英(ying)特爾公(gong)司(si)，但后(hou)來(lai)被幾家電(dian)池(chi)和半導體制造(zao)商采用(yong)。

智能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)由(you)智能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)實(shi)施者(zhe)論(lun)壇SBS-IF開發。此智能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)規范現在(zai)由(you)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)管(guan)理(li)界面論(lun)壇（SMIF），Inc管(guan)理(li)，該論(lun)壇是(shi)一家(jia)在(zai)美國德克薩斯州(zhou)注(zhu)冊(ce)成(cheng)立的(de)非營(ying)利性行業組織(zhi)。SBS本身(shen)由(you)包括(kuo)金霸王，勁量，東芝和瓦(wa)爾塔在(zai)內的(de)多家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)公司以(yi)及(ji)包括(kuo)英特爾，Benchmarq，線性技術，格(ge)言(yan)，三菱和國家(jia)半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)在(zai)內的(de)半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)制(zhi)造商發起。智能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)規格(ge)是(shi)通(tong)用的(de)，與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)化學成(cheng)分，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和封裝無關。通(tong)常(chang)，SBS將提(ti)供從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)到物品的(de)通(tong)信鏈路，包括(kuo)被(bei)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)設備以(yi)及(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。

該規范包含四個部分：

1.系統管理總線，SMBus

SMBus是一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)已(yi)建立的(de)(de)總線，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)整個(ge)(ge)智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)規范。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)兩根線并基于(yu)(yu)I2C協議，它可(ke)(ke)以(yi)實現整個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)元件(jian)(jian)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。這(zhe)兩行(xing)(xing)是數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據和(he)時(shi)鐘(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據和(he)時(shi)鐘(zhong)線路(lu)(lu)出(chu)(chu)現故障的(de)(de)情況下，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)會添(tian)加另一(yi)條(tiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)稱(cheng)為T引(yin)腳的(de)(de)線路(lu)(lu)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)安全(quan)指(zhi)示(shi)。在(zai)(zai)整個(ge)(ge)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)元件(jian)(jian)中的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)元件(jian)(jian)被(bei)(bei)指(zhi)定(ding)(ding)為主(zhu)設備(bei)，所有(you)其他(ta)元件(jian)(jian)被(bei)(bei)指(zhi)定(ding)(ding)為從設備(bei)狀態。以(yi)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式，整個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)元件(jian)(jian)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)執行(xing)(xing)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)動作之(zhi)前相互詢(xun)問(wen)以(yi)獲得(de)關(guan)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)狀態等(deng)的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)標記某種(zhong)(zhong)狀態時(shi)，也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)啟動其他(ta)動作。在(zai)(zai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)內使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)令機制基本(ben)上有(you)兩種(zhong)(zhong)形式：第一(yi)個(ge)(ge)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)SMBus CLOCK和(he)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據線。它是智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)其他(ta)SMBus設備(bei)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道。智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)請求時(shi)提(ti)供數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據，向智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)發(fa)送充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)，并在(zai)(zai)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)超出(chu)(chu)特定(ding)(ding)智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)預定(ding)(ding)限制時(shi)廣播關(guan)鍵(jian)警(jing)報信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)。另一(yi)個(ge)(ge)所需的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)接口是輔(fu)助信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號機制或(huo)“安全(quan)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號”，它位于(yu)(yu)智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組連接器(qi)上的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)單(dan)獨的(de)(de)“T-pin”上。這(zhe)是智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)輸出(chu)(chu)，指(zhi)示(shi)何時(shi)允許充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如果SMBus變(bian)得(de)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)操作，它意味著作為備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)令方(fang)法(fa)。它主(zhu)要由智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)確認正(zheng)確充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)來確保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)安全(quan)極限內運行(xing)(xing)。如果溫度(du)升(sheng)高，熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)將(jiang)提(ti)供故障的(de)(de)簡單(dan)指(zhi)示(shi)。一(yi)些(xie)所謂(wei)的(de)(de)智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)線系(xi)統(tong)(tong) – SBS智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)支持這(zhe)些(xie)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。然而(er)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過單(dan)線實現通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，這(zhe)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)許多(duo)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)來說是足夠(gou)的(de)(de)。因此(ci)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)三根電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線：一(yi)個(ge)(ge)普通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)正(zheng)極和(he)負極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)端子和(he)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)單(dan)一(yi)的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據端子。該數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據鏈路(lu)(lu)還提(ti)供時(shi)鐘(zhong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)徑。出(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)安全(quan)原因，大多(duo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)制造商都使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)獨的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線進行(xing)(xing)溫度(du)傳感。

2.智能電池數據，SBD規范 

整個智能電(dian)池(chi)系統的這(zhe)一要素定(ding)義(yi)了流(liu)經(jing)SMBus的數據(ju)(ju)。智能電(dian)池(chi)數據(ju)(ju)規范不僅(jin)提供(gong)軟件的定(ding)義(yi)，還(huan)提供(gong)錯誤檢測協議(yi)，信(xin)令和(he)數據(ju)(ju)協議(yi)的定(ding)義(yi)。它還(huan)包括有關電(dian)池(chi)信(xin)號的特定(ding)項目，包括電(dian)壓，電(dian)流(liu)，溫度，設備類型和(he)各種存(cun)儲值。存(cun)儲的值非常重要，因為(wei)(wei)它們可以用(yong)于存(cun)儲電(dian)荷水(shui)平的最新數字以及電(dian)池(chi)容量，因為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)些電(dian)池(chi)在電(dian)池(chi)的壽(shou)命和(he)整個電(dian)池(chi)中充電(dian)。

3.智能電池充電器，SBC規格 

充電器的功能差異很大。因此，智能電池系統規格詳細說明了充電器的各個級別：等級1  ：這是充電器的基本等級，可以在智能電池系統中使用。它只能解釋嚴重警告并關閉，例如，當檢測到重大故障時。雖然1級SBS充電器可以解釋智能電池充電結束消息，從而最大限度地減少過充電，但它們不能提供完全獨立于化學的操作。結果，從規范中刪除了1級充電器。2  級：此級別的電池充電器具有更高的功能。它可以根據充電算法調整其輸出。該算法存儲在智能電池組中。更具體地說，2級智能電池充電器作為從設備運行，并通過調整其充電特性來響應智能電池發送給它的充電電壓和充電電流消息。對于2級充電器，智能電池負責啟動通信。它還為充電器提供充電算法，因為電池最佳放置以了解它應如何充電。智能電池能夠存儲可與充電器通信的算法。因此，2級智能電池充電器獨立于電池化學成分，因為它能夠改變其充電曲線以滿足電池提供的算法需求。3級  ：這種(zhong)類型的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池系(xi)統規范中概述(shu)的最復雜類型。3級(ji)(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)不僅可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)解(jie)釋智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的嚴重警告(gao)信息，還可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)充(chong)當SMBus主設(she)備。對于這個級(ji)(ji)別，智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池不一定負(fu)責啟動統計(ji)通信，包括充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，或者用于向充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)提供充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)算法。3級(ji)(ji)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)充(chong)當從(cong)屬設(she)備，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)輪(lun)詢智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池以(yi)(yi)確定所(suo)需(xu)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，然后(hou)動態調整其(qi)輸出。鑒于其(qi)操作模式，3級(ji)(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是化學獨(du)立的，因為智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池通知充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的細節。但是，3級(ji)(ji)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)能(neng)(neng)夠實現(xian)替代的專用充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)算法。為此(ci)，它可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)從(cong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池獲得(de)相關數(shu)據。這可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)包括諸如完(wan)全充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)剩余時間(jian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度或用于控制正確充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)調節的其(qi)他數(shu)據等數(shu)據。

智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)可分為兩個主要區域：智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)基本通(tong)(tong)信(xin)：   智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)可以(yi)傳(chuan)遞許多數(shu)據(ju)(ju)元素(su)：使(shi)(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)設(she)置(zhi)適當的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)說明(ming)。將(jiang)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)傳(chuan)遞給充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，了解(jie)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)算法。數(shu)據(ju)(ju)使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠盡可能(neng)(neng)(neng)快(kuai)速(su)安全(quan)地充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。數(shu)據(ju)(ju)傳(chuan)輸使(shi)(shi)新(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)技(ji)術能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠安裝(zhuang)在(zai)設(she)備中，而(er)無需全(quan)新(xin)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)等。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)關鍵通(tong)(tong)信(xin)：   顯(xian)然(ran)，任何(he)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)都能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠準確，迅(xun)速(su)地響(xiang)應(ying)任何(he)嚴重警告(gao)信(xin)息：過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；正常(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束；過溫；報警條件恢復(fu)正常(chang)后充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)重啟；放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束周期(qi)

4.SMBus / BIOS接口規范

這(zhe)定義了(le)運(yun)行受(shou)電(dian)設(she)備的(de)操(cao)作系統(tong)(tong)和(he)應用程序(xu)如何通過BIOS操(cao)作層與SMBus組件進行通信。智能電(dian)池系統(tong)(tong)，SBS規范最初針對便攜式計算機中的(de)應用，其中電(dian)池壽(shou)命和(he)指(zhi)示非常重要。但是它也可以(yi)應用于許(xu)多其他(ta)領域。