防止電池故障(zhang)的關鍵是盡量減少誤(wu)操作(zuo)并(bing)跟(gen)蹤(zong)其容(rong)量和其他關鍵特性。電池監控程序將(jiang)在電池實際(ji)發生故障(zhang)之前識別出(chu)快速惡化的電池。

電池監控第一部分是定期測量其容量

容(rong)量(liang)(liang)是電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)可用的(de)電量(liang)(liang)，以(yi)安(an)培小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)（Ah）表示，對于較(jiao)大(da)的(de)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，以(yi)毫安(an)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)（mAh）表示較(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。典(dian)型的(de)AA型電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)額定容(rong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)600mAh，因此可以(yi)提供(gong)600mA至(zhi)(zhi)少一小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)或100mA至(zhi)(zhi)少六小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。一般來說(shuo)，測量(liang)(liang)的(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)（我們在下面(mian)討論）應該大(da)于額定量(liang)(liang)。所有電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)分析儀用于檢查容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)基本概念是將電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)連接到已知(zhi)的(de)精確(que)恒定電流負載，并在電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)放電時(shi)(shi)監(jian)控電壓(ya)。

當電池電壓達到預定值（截止電壓）時，斷開負載并記錄經過的時間。電池容量只是負載電流乘以經過時間（以小時為單位）。通常情況下，我們可以使用充滿電的電池進行測試。只需使用電阻器作為負載，電壓表和秒表，就可以使用此方法檢查電池的容量。或者，我們可以使用商用電池分析儀。關于商用分析儀的選擇，小格覺得可以從功能和預算兩個方面考慮。也許有些較便宜的型號在精度和定制方面受到限制，昂貴的型號在功能上可能更加滿足我們同時測試更多類型的電池和許多電池。所以，還是看當時的條件，因人而異吧。 關于商用電池分析儀設備的操作

首先，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源連接到分(fen)析(xi)(xi)儀，AC插(cha)頭，墻上(shang)適(shi)配器（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源）或(huo)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。指(zhi)定正在(zai)(zai)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或(huo)指(zhi)定測(ce)試(shi)(shi)條件(jian)（即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)數量(liang)(liang)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)）。然(ran)后(hou)將(jiang)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)儀連接到正在(zai)(zai)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。按(an)下開(kai)始按(an)鈕，將(jiang)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)儀和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)單獨放置幾個小時。分(fen)析(xi)(xi)儀將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，測(ce)量(liang)(liang)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)，然(ran)后(hou)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完成后(hou)，分(fen)析(xi)(xi)儀會(hui)顯示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)。測(ce)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)取決于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度(du)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，截止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)先前(qian)歷史(shi)。低(di)(di)于室(shi)溫（20℃）的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)降低(di)(di)。小格(ge)建議大(da)家應該在(zai)(zai)18攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)到25攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)之間(jian)進行所有測(ce)量(liang)(liang)。

使用什么放電電流比較好？

大多數制造商以C / 5的放電率測量容量，稱為5小時放電率。例如，600mAh容量的典型AA電池的(de)“C”為600mA，C / 5為120mA。其(qi)他人以(yi)(yi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)C測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。與所有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池一樣(yang)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)越(yue)高，可用(yong)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)越(yue)小(xiao)。例(li)如，以(yi)(yi)C / 5放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)可用(yong)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)比(bi)以(yi)(yi)C速率(lv)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)可用(yong)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)約多10％。另一種可能的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)使用(yong)時的(de)實(shi)際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)消耗。小(xiao)格建議大(da)家在(zai)C和C / 2之間放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

什么時候停止放電？

如果你(ni)(ni)選擇太高的(de)(de)(de)數字(zi)，你(ni)(ni)就不(bu)會完全(quan)放電(dian)(dian)。如果選擇的(de)(de)(de)數字(zi)太低，可能會強制其中一(yi)個單元反(fan)極性（不(bu)是很好(hao)）。通常，當以(yi)C / 5速(su)(su)率(lv)放電(dian)(dian)時使用1.05V /電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)截止(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，當以(yi)C速(su)(su)率(lv)放電(dian)(dian)時使用0.9V /電(dian)(dian)池。或者可以(yi)使用以(yi)下公式：V cutoff_per_pack = 1.2V *（N cells -1）對于四(si)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)池組，每(mei)個電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)截止(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為0.9V，對于八節(jie)電(dian)(dian)池組則為1.05V。

先前的歷史與電池的容量有什么關系呢？

在室溫以上快速充電或充電的電池通常不會充滿電。電池儲存幾個月后也不會充電。由于這些原因，小格建議在容量測試之前，將電池在室溫下以C / 10充電18小時至24小時。如果電池已經存放了幾個月，是新的，或者在幾個月內沒有經過測試，建議進行第二次和可能的第三次容量測試。在放電實驗期間可以進行的另一項測量是“中點電壓”。這是放電測試中途的電壓。如果有我們的終極電池分析儀，那只需從圖表中讀取它，否則將不得不使用精確的電壓表來測量電池放電期間的電壓。記錄此電壓。