我們都知道電池充電是一個化學反應的過程，以目前來說，無人機電池普遍為聚合物鋰電池，但也有(you)石(shi)墨烯，鎳氫等(deng)其他類型電(dian)池(chi)，不過用(yong)的最多(duo)的還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)聚合物鋰電(dian)池(chi)，那么無人機電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)學變化(hua)嗎？現在(zai)就(jiu)來說(shuo)說(shuo)這個(ge)問題，本(ben)文(wen)以聚合物鋰電(dian)池(chi)為(wei)例，簡單(dan)闡述無人機電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否有(you)化(hua)學變化(hua)。

聚(ju)(ju)合(he)物鋰(li)，縮寫(xie)為Li-Po或(huo)(huo)Li-Poly，由(you)鋰(li)離子(zi)（Li-Ion）化學衍(yan)生而來。聚(ju)(ju)合(he)物鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)可(ke)充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)果仔細處理(li)，可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)用多(duo)年，并(bing)可(ke)以(yi)充電(dian)(dian)數(shu)百次。Li-Ion和(he)Li-Po之間的(de)(de)(de)主要區別(bie)在于聚(ju)(ju)合(he)物鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質不像(xiang)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)那(nei)樣懸浮在有(you)機(ji)溶劑中。它使(shi)用固(gu)體聚(ju)(ju)合(he)物復合(he)材料如(ru)(ru)(ru)聚(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)腈作為物理(li)隔板，這減(jian)少但不消除可(ke)能引起火災和(he)爆炸的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部短路的(de)(de)(de)概率(lv)。原(yuan)子(zi)序(xu)數(shu)為3的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)是(shi)銀白色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)灰色(se)(se)金屬，具有(you)高(gao)反(fan)應(ying)性。原(yuan)子(zi)序(xu)數(shu)為3也(ye)是(shi)其重量輕(qing)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因。它是(shi)堿金屬系列中的(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)個(ge)，是(shi)第一(yi)(yi)個(ge)固(gu)體元素。鋰(li)在氧氣存在下(xia)與水(shui)反(fan)應(ying)并(bing)在水(shui)和(he)水(shui)蒸(zheng)氣中著火。它還與氮氣反(fan)應(ying)，并(bing)且由(you)于我們的(de)(de)(de)空氣含有(you)79％的(de)(de)(de)氮氣，如(ru)(ru)(ru)果電(dian)(dian)池(chi)被穿刺或(huo)(huo)過熱(re)或(huo)(huo)進(jin)行擠壓，則在日常使(shi)用中有(you)充分的(de)(de)(de)化學反(fan)應(ying)機(ji)會。

過(guo)度(du)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會使無人機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)產生化(hua)學變化(hua)，因(yin)為由(you)于鋰(li)聚合(he)物(wu)(wu)（和(he)鋰(li)離(li)子）對過(guo)度(du)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)非常(chang)敏感，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)構成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)各個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)獨立充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對比鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，標準(zhun)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法是在(zai)串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)上(shang)施(shi)加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，以(yi)便(bian)相同的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通(tong)過(guo)每(mei)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是各個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)總和(he)，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不一定都相等。事實上(shang)，幾乎可以(yi)肯定它們不是。由(you)于鎳基電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)能(neng)承受一些過(guo)度(du)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)通(tong)常(chang)沒有危險。鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)或(huo)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)中的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)損壞并(bing)且其余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)正常(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況并(bing)不少(shao)見。這意味著在(zai)8芯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)，每(mei)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)標稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為1.2 V（總共9.6 V），如(ru)果存在(zai)10.4 V的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，理(li)想情(qing)況下(xia)每(mei)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)將接收10.4 / 8 V = 1.3 V.但是，如(ru)果一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)耗盡，則(ze)每(mei)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)將為10.4 / 7 V = 1.5 V.這樣會增加(jia)15％，大多數鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)可以(yi)處理(li)，但鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)上(shang)施(shi)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)15％過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)最終會導致故障，并(bing)可能(neng)引發火災。聚合(he)物(wu)(wu)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)也不能(neng)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如(ru)果放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于2.5 V左(zuo)右(you)，則(ze)容易死亡。在(zai)操作(zuo)中，控制器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)應防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降至3.0 V以(yi)下(xia)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)不得超過(guo)90°C以(yi)防止內部分離(li)聚合(he)物(wu)(wu)熔化(hua)并(bing)通(tong)過(guo)物(wu)(wu)理(li)接觸使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內部短(duan)路(lu)。

這是無人機電池充電化學反應式：LiCoO ₂ + 6C – > Li _1-x CoO ₂ + Li _x C ₆

這是無人機電池放電化學反應式：Li _1-x CoO ₂ + Li _x C <—-> Li _{1-x + dx} CoO ₂ + Li _x-dx C

上圖是無人機電池（聚合物鋰電池）在室溫（20°C）下的典型充放電循環圖。電池電壓相當穩定，大約為20％的容量狀態，然后急劇下降，類似于鎳鎘電池和鎳氫電池。

總之無人機電池充電的確是化學變化的一個過程，當然充電還是需要進行化學變化才能產生電量，而過度充電則會導致電池起火或爆炸等風險，過度放電的話，會導致電池性能下降，最后保護好你的電池是最重要的。相關的無人機電池保養文章請看下面。