18650鋰電池做為目前(qian)工業(ye)應用最廣泛的(de)鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)種(zhong)(zhong)類，基本(ben)是(shi)(shi)標準化了(le)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)規格。那(nei)么標準18650鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)怎么樣的(de)？下(xia)面從其尺寸、種(zhong)(zhong)類和(he)電(dian)(dian)化學性能(neng)三個方面闡述一(yi)下(xia)：

1、標準18650鋰電池(chi)的尺寸

18650這(zhe)(zhe)幾個數(shu)字，代表(biao)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)外表(biao)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)：18指(zhi)電(dian)池(chi)直徑18.0mm，650指(zhi)電(dian)池(chi)高度(du)65.0mm。由于廠家生產工藝水平(ping)和方式的(de)差(cha)異，尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)允許一(yi)定的(de)誤(wu)差(cha)存在，這(zhe)(zhe)個誤(wu)差(cha)是±0.02mm。

2、18650電池(chi)種(zhong)類：

常見的18650電池分為鋰離子電池、磷酸鐵鋰電池和鎳氫電池三大類，其實磷酸鐵鋰電池是屬于鋰離子電池中的一種，所以嚴(yan)格來說(shuo)，18650電(dian)池(chi)應該是(shi)兩種。

各(ge)種18650電池的電壓及(ji)容量規格：

18650鎳氫電(dian)池電(dian)壓為(wei)1.2V，常見容量為(wei)2500MAH

18650鋰(li)離子電池電壓為(wei)3.6V，常見(jian)容量為(wei)1500MAH-3100MAH

3、18650鋰電池的電化(hua)學性能

單節標稱電壓一般為(wei)：3.6V或3.7V

充電(dian)電(dian)壓一般為(wei)：4.20V

最(zui)小放電(dian)終止電(dian)壓(ya)一般為：2.75V，低于這個電(dian)壓(ya)容易(yi)導致電(dian)池容量嚴重(zhong)下降乃至(zhi)報廢

最(zui)大充電終止電壓：4.20V

容量(liang)：1000mAh以上，有些(xie)品(pin)牌(pai)會(hui)標上3600mAh或4500mAh等驚人(ren)的(de)(de)容量(liang)，目(mu)前18650電池容量(liang)做得(de)最高的(de)(de)是(shi)Sanyo，能做到3100mAh，但價(jia)格也不低。

18650鋰電池標3.7V或4.2V，是(shi)一(yi)回事(shi)。只是(shi)生產(chan)廠商標注的(de)(de)不一(yi)樣而(er)己。3.7V指電池使用(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)中放電的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)臺電壓(ya)（即平(ping)(ping)均電壓(ya)），而(er)4.2伏指的(de)(de)是(shi)充電滿(man)電時的(de)(de)電壓(ya)。

常見的(de)可(ke)(ke)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)18650鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓都是標(biao)(biao)3.6或者3.7v，充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)時(shi)候是4.2v，這(zhe)跟電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)（容(rong)量(liang)）關系不大(da)，18650電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)主(zhu)流的(de)容(rong)量(liang)從1800mAh到2600mAh，（18650動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)多在(zai)1200~1600mAh），主(zhu)流的(de)容(rong)量(liang)甚至(zhi)有標(biao)(biao)3500或4000mAh以上(shang)的(de)都有（提醒大(da)家，3100mAh以上(shang)的(de)18650不可(ke)(ke)信，虛(xu)標(biao)(biao)嚴重，世界上(shang)根(gen)本沒那么大(da)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)18650電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）。

一般(ban)認為將鋰電(dian)(dian)池的空載(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)壓放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)到(dao)(dao)3.7V就認為電(dian)(dian)用完(wan)了鋰電(dian)(dian)池放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)不能將空載(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)壓放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)到(dao)(dao)3.7V以下的，否則過(guo)度放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)會損(sun)害電(dian)(dian)池

4.2V是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的最(zui)高限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，一般認(ren)為將鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的空(kong)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)到4.2V就認(ren)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)滿了電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)在3.7V逐漸上升到4.2V鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不能將空(kong)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)到4.2V以上的，否則也會損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)池這就是鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池特(te)殊的地方(fang)