電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)/能量(liang)效率最大化(hua)是(shi)指將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包中所(suo)有(you)(you)串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)設置為(wei)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)SOC，即(ji)使它們的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)不同(tong)。在所(suo)有(you)(you)時間內管(guan)理SOC，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出能量(liang)達到最大。為(wei)了(le)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組輸(shu)出能量(liang)最大化(hua)，所(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)都必須充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。即(ji)，所(suo)有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)SOC必須為(wei)100%。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)不同(tong)，一(yi)些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充/放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就會比其它電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)更多(duo)。例如，假設一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包有(you)(you)三(san)個(ge)串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，C1>C2=C3。均衡這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包的(de)(de)(de)唯一(yi)方法是(shi)給(gei)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)較高的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（C1）施(shi)加一(yi)個(ge)差(cha)分(fen)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包放電(dian)(dian)時(shi)也必須如此(ci)(ci)，否則當容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)最小的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)達到(dao)關(guan)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包便會停止放電(dian)(dian)，而此(ci)(ci)時(shi)其(qi)(qi)它電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)仍有剩余容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，這樣使總(zong)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)降低。長此(ci)(ci)以往，容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)最小的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)便會比(bi)其(qi)(qi)它電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)性能衰退更快，經(jing)過(guo)多個(ge)充/放電(dian)(dian)周期后將加速容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)損(sun)耗。

通(tong)過(guo)(guo)匹配串聯電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)壓，將(jiang)從高容量電(dian)池汲取更多電(dian)流。放電(dian)時(shi)要求(qiu)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)均(jun)衡(heng)消耗掉一些額外的(de)電(dian)壓，在最后當所有電(dian)池都達到0SOC時(shi)，從電(dian)池包中(zhong)獲得(de)的(de)總電(dian)能相對于均(jun)衡(heng)前仍然會增加(jia)。

通常(chang)圓柱形(xing)鋰離子電池(chi)（cylindrical cell）的(de)質量(liang)控制通常(chang)都較(jiao)好，電池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)差別不(bu)超(chao)過±3%。輸入容(rong)量(liang)基本(ben)上比較(jiao)精確，差別不(bu)超(chao)過幾(ji)個mAs（毫安·秒）。因此，電池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)絕對值也基本(ben)準確，SOC的(de)差異在幾(ji)個百分(fen)點以內(nei)。

鋰離子材料的(de)化(hua)學屬(shu)性(xing)本身并不(bu)(bu)(bu)會造成電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)衡問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)，也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)具有可(ke)(ke)逆(ni)(ni)自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)機理(li)。但是，鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)還必(bi)須(xu)經過(guo)一個過(guo)程才能使(shi)性(xing)能穩定，并將產生不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)逆(ni)(ni)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，多數(shu)此類損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)都(dou)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)廠之前。高(gao)溫放電(dian)(dian)以及在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)室溫下放置過(guo)久(jiu)也(ye)會出(chu)(chu)(chu)現少量(liang)此類不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)逆(ni)(ni)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，這(zhe)種損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)最大比(bi)例在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)10%以內。所有同(tong)(tong)時入庫或同(tong)(tong)時使(shi)用的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)生這(zhe)種損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)機率一樣，因此這(zhe)種情況不(bu)(bu)(bu)會引起電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)衡問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)逆(ni)(ni)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)時還伴隨著(zhu)少量(liang)可(ke)(ke)逆(ni)(ni)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，二者之間存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)某(mou)種比(bi)例關系(xi)。大部分(fen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工廠中出(chu)(chu)(chu)現的(de)可(ke)(ke)逆(ni)(ni)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)行電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)分(fen)類前已經被再次充電(dian)(dian)，因此這(zhe)類損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)非常小，而(er)且(qie)每個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)都(dou)一樣，不(bu)(bu)(bu)會引起電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)衡問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。

引起電(dian)池(chi)(chi)不均(jun)衡的(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)個(ge)原(yuan)因是電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配前被閑置過久，而如果(guo)將(jiang)若干批生產時間(jian)不同的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)放到同一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)包中將(jiang)會加重這種(zhong)不均(jun)衡。在(zai)這種(zhong)情況下，通(tong)過容(rong)量分(fen)類(lei)但尚未裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配的(de)(de)(de)具有不同可逆損耗的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)將(jiang)隨(sui)著時間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)推移(yi)累計更大的(de)(de)(de)差異。即(ji)使在(zai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配成(cheng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)包后，如果(guo)包中的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)變化很(hen)大（尤其(qi)是當電(dian)池(chi)(chi)包放置過久），隨(sui)著時間(jian)推移(yi)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)包內的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)不均(jun)衡也會加重。