干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)屬于(yu)化(hua)學(xue)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源中的原(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，是一(yi)種一(yi)次性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，它碳棒(bang)以為(wei)正極，以鋅(xin)筒為(wei)負極，把化(hua)學(xue)能轉變為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能供給外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。在(zai)化(hua)學(xue)反應中由于(yu)鋅(xin)比錳(meng)活潑，鋅(xin)失去(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子被氧(yang)化(hua)，錳(meng)得到電(dian)(dian)(dian)子被還原(yuan)。干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不僅適用(yong)于(yu)手(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)筒、半導體(ti)收(shou)音(yin)機、收(shou)錄機、照相機、電(dian)(dian)(dian)子鐘、玩具等，而且也適用(yong)于(yu)國防、科研、電(dian)(dian)(dian)信、航海、航空(kong)、醫學(xue)等國民經濟中的各個領域(yu)，十分好用(yong)。

干電(dian)池(chi)的(de)重要工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)理就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)氧化還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)反應在閉合回路(lu)中實現！和(he)(he)原(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)池(chi)非常類似(si)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)將化學能轉變為電(dian)能。常見的(de)干電(dian)池(chi)為鋅錳電(dian)池(chi)，中間(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)正極碳棒，外(wai)(wai)包(bao)石(shi)墨和(he)(he)二氧化錳的(de)混(hun)合物，再外(wai)(wai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)層纖維網。網上(shang)涂(tu)有很厚的(de)電(dian)解質糊，其構(gou)成是(shi)(shi)(shi)氯化氨溶(rong)液和(he)(he)淀粉，另有少量防腐劑。最(zui)外(wai)(wai)層是(shi)(shi)(shi)金(jin)屬鋅皮(pi)做(zuo)的(de)筒，也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)負(fu)極。堿性鋅錳干電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)極原(yuan)(yuan)理如下：

堿性鋅(xin)(xin)錳干電(dian)池電(dian)極反(fan)應(ying)式為(wei)：Zn+2MnO2+2NH4Cl=ZnCl2++Mn2O3+2NH3+H2O。金屬鋅(xin)(xin)皮做(zuo)的(de)筒(tong)，也就是(shi)(shi)負極，電(dian)池放(fang)(fang)電(dian)就是(shi)(shi)氯化氨與鋅(xin)(xin)的(de)電(dian)解(jie)反(fan)應(ying)，釋(shi)放(fang)(fang)出的(de)電(dian)荷由石墨(mo)傳導給(gei)正極碳棒，鋅(xin)(xin)的(de)電(dian)解(jie)反(fan)應(ying)是(shi)(shi)會釋(shi)放(fang)(fang)氫氣(qi)的(de)，這氣(qi)體(ti)是(shi)(shi)會新增電(dian)池內阻的(de)，而和石墨(mo)相(xiang)混的(de)二氧化錳就是(shi)(shi)用來(lai)吸(xi)收(shou)氫氣(qi)的(de)。

一般我們常用的(de)干(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)又稱為(wei)鋅(xin)錳(meng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。可分(fen)為(wei)碳鋅(xin)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)（Carbon-Zinc）和(he)氯化鋅(xin)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)（Zinc-Chloride），其優點是能量密(mi)度較高(gao)，電(dian)流密(mi)度適當，易實現機(ji)械化生產等(deng)。在大賣場(chang)中這(zhe)(zhe)兩類(lei)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)被成(cheng)盒(he)成(cheng)盒(he)的(de)以低(di)廉的(de)售價拍(pai)賣著。但很(hen)可惜的(de)由于能量密(mi)度不(bu)足，一般這(zhe)(zhe)種電(dian)池(chi)(chi)只用于耗電(dian)量較小的(de)電(dian)子產品，如：鬧鐘，計算(suan)器等(deng)。如果(guo)你打(da)算(suan)用他來(lai)驅(qu)動你的(de)數(shu)碼相(xiang)機(ji)恐怕你會大失所望。

圓筒型(xing)(xing)鋅錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)因隔離物的(de)(de)(de)區別可分為(wei)(wei)糊式鋅錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和紙(zhi)板(ban)鋅錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。其中(zhong)紙(zhi)板(ban)鋅錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)因配(pei)方組成的(de)(de)(de)差異引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)不同，又分為(wei)(wei)C型(xing)(xing)紙(zhi)板(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（碳(tan)鋅電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)），也稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)高容量電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)；P型(xing)(xing)紙(zhi)板(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（氯化(hua)鋅電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)），又稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)高功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。，一般(ban)超市或零售市場(chang)上的(de)(de)(de)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)皆為(wei)(wei)此類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，其標(biao)示為(wei)(wei)Super Heavy Duty。”C”型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力容量較”P”型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)低約(yue)20%，一般(ban)隨(sui)貨贈送的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)多為(wei)(wei)此類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)包裝分為(wei)(wei)紙(zhi)殼（“C”型(xing)(xing)常用(yong)），PVC，鐵殼及鉛皮等四類(lei)包裝，同時依含汞量（基本標(biao)準為(wei)(wei)15ppm）來區分還有(you)環保和非環保之不同。

堿性(xing)鋅-錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（Zinc-MnO2）：是(shi)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)一(yi)個重要角色。這一(yi)類的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就是(shi)我們常(chang)稱(cheng)的(de)(de)“堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)”，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)強使用上又(you)持久，市場(chang)上對此類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)需求(qiu)越來越高。然而(er)，部(bu)分廠商的(de)(de)堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為(wei)非環保的(de)(de)含汞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，原因(yin)是(shi)此類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)如在成份中(zhong)加入氧化銀可提升(sheng)其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)約(yue)30%以上，但同時零售價(jia)格(ge)也(ye)相(xiang)對提高。迄今(jin)為(wei)止，堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)最成功(gong)的(de)(de)高容(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，也(ye)是(shi)目前最具(ju)性(xing)能價(jia)格(ge)比的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)之(zhi)一(yi)，它改變了傳統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)內部(bu)結構和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學系統(tong)，同過(guo)采(cai)用極(ji)純凈極(ji)活躍的(de)(de)正(zheng)負極(ji)材料，它的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)達到(dao)了普通(tong)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)5-7倍(bei)，存(cun)儲壽命也(ye)超過(guo)了普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)兩倍(bei)。另一(yi)方(fang)面，堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)也(ye)因(yin)為(wei)它完美的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線而(er)倍(bei)受青睞，特(te)別適用于需要持續大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)場(chang)合(he)，如相(xiang)機，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動玩具(ju)，BP機，WALKMAN，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動剔須刀等。