鋰離子電池以含鋰的(de)(de)(de)化合物作(zuo)正極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，在(zai)(zai)充放電(dian)過程中，沒有金屬鋰存(cun)在(zai)(zai)，只有鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)，這就是鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。當(dang)對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行充電(dian)時，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)正極(ji)上有鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)生成，生成的(de)(de)(de)鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)經過電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)運動(dong)到負極(ji)。在(zai)(zai)Li-ion Batteries的(de)(de)(de)充放電(dian)過程中，鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)處(chu)于(yu)從正極(ji)→負極(ji)→正極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)運動(dong)狀態。Li-ion Batteries就像一把搖椅，搖椅的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)端為電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)極(ji)，而鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)就象(xiang)運動(dong)員一樣(yang)在(zai)(zai)來回奔跑(pao)。所以Li-ion Batteries又叫搖椅式電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

當(dang)對(dui)電池(chi)進(jin)行充電時，電池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)正極(ji)(ji)上有(you)(you)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)生(sheng)成，生(sheng)成的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)經過電解液運(yun)動(dong)到(dao)(dao)負極(ji)(ji)。而作(zuo)為(wei)負極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)碳呈層(ceng)狀結構，它(ta)有(you)(you)很多微孔(kong)，達(da)到(dao)(dao)負極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)就嵌入(ru)到(dao)(dao)碳層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)微孔(kong)中，嵌入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)越多，充電容(rong)里越高。同(tong)樣，當(dang)對(dui)電池(chi)進(jin)行放電時（即我們使用電池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)過程），嵌在負極(ji)(ji)碳層(ceng)中的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)脫出，又運(yun)動(dong)回正極(ji)(ji)。回正極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)越多，放電容(rong)量越高。

一般鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)設定在0.2C至1C之(zhi)間(jian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越(yue)(yue)大(da)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)(yue)快，同(tong)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池發熱也越(yue)(yue)大(da)。而且，過大(da)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，容量不(bu)夠(gou)滿(man)，因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部的電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)應需要時(shi)間(jian)。就跟倒(dao)啤酒一樣，倒(dao)太快的話會產生泡沫，反(fan)而不(bu)滿(man)。

對電池來(lai)說，正(zheng)常使用(yong)就是放電的過程。鋰(li)電池放電需要注(zhu)意幾點：

第一，放電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)不能過大，過大的電(dian)流(liu)導致(zhi)電(dian)池內(nei)部發熱，有(you)可(ke)能會造(zao)成永久性的損害。在手(shou)機上，這個倒是沒有(you)問題(ti)的，可(ke)以不考慮。

第二，絕對不(bu)能過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)！鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最怕過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一旦放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低(di)于(yu)2.7V，將可能導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)報(bao)廢(fei)。好在手機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部都已(yi)經裝(zhuang)了保護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓還沒低(di)到損(sun)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的程(cheng)度，保護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)就(jiu)會起(qi)作用，停止(zhi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。從(cong)圖(tu)上可以(yi)看出，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越(yue)大，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量越(yue)小，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下降更快。

鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)以(yi)碳素材料(liao)為負極(ji)，以(yi)含鋰(li)的(de)化(hua)合物作正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)，沒有金屬(shu)鋰(li)存在，只有鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)，這就是鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是指以(yi)鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)(ru)化(hua)合物為正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)材料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)總稱。鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程，就是鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)的(de)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)(ru)和脫嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)過(guo)(guo)程。在鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)的(de)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)(ru)和脫嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)過(guo)(guo)程中，同時伴隨著與鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)等當量電(dian)(dian)子(zi)的(de)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)(ru)和脫嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)（習慣上正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)用(yong)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)(ru)或脫嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)表(biao)示(shi)，而負極(ji)用(yong)插入(ru)(ru)或脫插表(biao)示(shi)）。在充放電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中，鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)在正(zheng)(zheng)、負極(ji)之間往(wang)返嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)(ru)/脫嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)和插入(ru)(ru)/脫插，被形象(xiang)地(di)稱為“搖(yao)椅電(dian)(dian)池(chi)”。

正極(ji)反應：放(fang)電時鋰離子嵌入，充電時鋰離子脫嵌。

充電時：LiFePO2→Li1.xFePOa+XLit+xe

放電(dian)時：Li1xFePO2+XLit+xer→LiFePO4

負(fu)極(ji)反應(ying)：放電時(shi)鋰離子脫(tuo)插，充(chong)電時(shi)鋰離子插入。

充電時：xLi++xer+6C→LixC6

放電時：LixC6→xLi++xe+6C