磷酸鐵鋰電池由于它的性能特別適于作動力方面的應用，因此也叫磷酸鐵鋰動力電池或簡稱為“鋰鐵動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池”，下(xia)面(mian)介紹一(yi)下(xia)磷(lin)酸鐵鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組正確充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)主要有：恒(heng)流恒(heng)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)、恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)、斬波充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)和恒(heng)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。

1、恒流恒壓充電法

這種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法是上(shang)述兩者的(de)(de)(de)簡單結(jie)合。第(di)一(yi)階段(duan)采(cai)用恒流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法，避免了恒壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)剛開始時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流過(guo)大。第(di)二階段(duan)采(cai)用恒壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法，避免了恒流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)導致過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)現象。磷酸鐵鋰電(dian)池組(zu)和(he)其(qi)它任何密封式可(ke)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池一(yi)樣，要對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)進(jin)行控(kong)制(zhi)，不能濫(lan)充(chong)(chong)，否則(ze)就容易損(sun)壞(huai)電(dian)池。磷酸鐵鋰電(dian)池一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用先恒流后限壓的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法。

2、斬波充電法

采(cai)用(yong)斬波的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種方(fang)法(fa)(fa)下，恒流源(yuan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不(bu)變，而開(kai)關(guan)管進行控制，使其開(kai)通一段時(shi)間(jian)后再關(guan)斷(duan)一段時(shi)間(jian)，循(xun)環往(wang)復，這種方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)優點在(zai)于(yu)：當通過外部電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部的(de)(de)離子(zi)產生(sheng)需要有(you)一定的(de)(de)響應(ying)時(shi)間(jian)，如果持續(xu)不(bu)斷(duan)的(de)(de)對它進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，可能(neng)會降低其容量的(de)(de)潛能(neng)。而在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一段時(shi)間(jian)后，加入一個關(guan)斷(duan)的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)，就可以讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)兩極產生(sheng)的(de)(de)離子(zi)有(you)一個擴(kuo)散的(de)(de)過程(cheng)，使得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)有(you)了一個“消化(hua)”的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)，這會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)率大大增(zeng)加，改善充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效果。

3、恒壓充電法

在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保持恒(heng)定。隨(sui)著磷酸(suan)鐵鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)(de)(de)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)(de)變化，自(zi)動調整充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，如果規定的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)恒(heng)定值(zhi)適(shi)宜，就既能(neng)保證動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)完全充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，又(you)能(neng)盡量減少(shao)析氣和(he)失水。這種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法只考慮(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)這一單一狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)(de)變化，不能(neng)有效的(de)(de)(de)反映電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)況。它的(de)(de)(de)起始充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過(guo)大，往往造成動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)損壞。鑒(jian)于這種缺點，恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很少(shao)采用。

4、恒流充電法

在整個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，通(tong)過(guo)調整輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓使充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保持恒(heng)定。保持充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)變(bian)，其(qi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速率相對來講(jiang)都比較(jiao)低。恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制方法簡單，但由于鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)可接受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)能(neng)力(li)是隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)進行而逐漸下降的(de)，到充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期，動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力(li)下降，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)利(li)用率大大降低。這種方法的(de)優(you)點是操作簡單，方便，易于實(shi)現，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量容易計(ji)算。

磷酸(suan)鐵鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器與(yu)普通鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不同的(de)。鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)最高終(zhong)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)(shi)(shi)4.2伏(fu);磷酸(suan)鐵鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)3.65伏(fu)。磷酸(suan)鐵鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)時候(hou)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)平衡(heng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)板接的(de)排線(xian)，一般是(shi)(shi)(shi)從兩端直接串聯整體充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)。而(er)排線(xian)檢測每個(ge)單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，相當(dang)于并聯個(ge)穩(wen)壓(ya)管，單體充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不會超過穩(wen)壓(ya)值(zhi)，而(er)其(qi)他(ta)單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)繼續充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通過穩(wen)壓(ya)管旁路充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

注意事項：

1、充(chong)電過程中，滿(man)電電壓和充(chong)電電流有關(guan)系，電流在0.3C時，3.8V就可以判斷為充(chong)滿(man)了，如果是(shi)0.1C，充(chong)到3.65V就可以認為是(shi)充(chong)滿(man)了。

2、磷酸鐵(tie)鋰電池(chi)在(zai)使(shi)用時要注(zhu)意防水(shui)防塵(chen)和磷酸鐵(tie)鋰電池(chi)最好(hao)不(bu)要在(zai)0攝(she)氏度(du)以下(xia)充(chong)電，所以儲存的地方不(bu)能(neng)有水(shui)和低溫環(huan)境下(xia)充(chong)電，這樣會影(ying)響電池(chi)的性能(neng)和使(shi)用壽命。

3、磷酸鐵鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)議使用(yong)CCCV充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，即(ji)(ji)先恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)后(hou)恒(heng)壓。恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)建(jian)議0.3C。恒(heng)壓建(jian)議3.65.即(ji)(ji)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過程(cheng)中0.3C電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓到達3.65V后(hou)，采用(yong)3.65V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)低于0.1C（或0.05C）時(shi)停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，即(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已經充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿。當(dang)您用(yong)衡(heng)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，也要(yao)看充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，建(jian)議不要(yao)用(yong)太高的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)，調整電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓后(hou)，保證充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)在0.5C以(yi)下，這樣對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)好。

3、一般磷酸鋰鐵電池充電上限電壓3.7~4V，放電下限電壓2~2.5V，綜合考慮放電容量、放電中值電壓、充電時間、恒流容量百分比、安全性這5個方面，采用恒流恒壓的充電方案，對于磷酸鐵鋰電池組，充電限制電壓設定在3.55～3.70V較合理，推薦值為3.60～3.65V，放電下限電壓2.2V~2.5V。