鎳氫電池的特性
氫鎳電池使用氫氧化鎳為正極活性物質,貯氫合金作負極活性物質,氫氧化鉀水溶液作電解液,為綠色環保型電池。鎳氫電池是有氫離子和金屬鎳合成,電量儲備比鎳鎘電池多30%,比鎳鎘電池更輕,使用壽命也更長,并且對環境無污染。鎳氫電池的缺點是價格比鎳鎘電池要貴好多,性能比鋰電池要差。

氫(qing)鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)采(cai)取(qu)恒電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式充電(dian)(dian)(dian),根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)接受能力(li)可采(cai)用(yong)不同的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian),充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中無需對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)體的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)進(jin)行限制,同時,可以實現快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)設計源於鎳鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi),但在(zai)改善(shan)鎳鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)記憶(yi)效(xiao)應上,有極大的(de)進(jin)展。其主(zhu)要的(de)改變,在(zai)以儲(chu)氫(qing)合金取(qu)代(dai)負極原來使用(yong)之鎘(ge)(ge),因此鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)說是材料革新的(de)典型代(dai)表。
①電壓=1.2V
②能量/重量=60-120Wh/kg(瓦特小時(shi)/千克(ke)(ke))③能量/體積=140-300Wh/L(瓦特小時(shi)/升)即504-1188kJ/kg(千焦耳(er)/千克(ke)(ke))
④功率/重(zhong)量(liang)=250-1000W/kg
⑤自放電率=一(yi)般(ban)為每(mei)月20-30%,見溫度而定,低自放電型號(hao)為每(mei)年10-30%
⑥充放電效率(lv)=66%
⑦充放電循環次數=500-1800次
優點:
1.能(neng)量密(mi)度高,是鎳鎘電他的1.5倍;
2.電(dian)池電(dian)壓為(wei)1.2v-1.3v,與鎳鎘電(dian)池相當;
3.無(wu)記(ji)憶效應(ying),循環壽(shou)命長;
4.可(ke)大(da)電流放電,承受過充電、過放電能力強;
5.無污(wu)染,綠色環保電(dian)池。
缺(que)點:
1.價(jia)格高于鎳鎘電池,負極材料為稀土合金材料;
2.自放電(dian)速(su)度大。
