鉛酸電池充電

鉛酸電池的充電方法是一個很籠統的說法；不同類型的鉛酸蓄電池、不同應用場景、不同的放電深度，都有不同的充電方法。

鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)有許多種類(lei)，目前應(ying)用最(zui)廣泛的有閥(fa)控式密閉蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)（常說(shuo)的AGM電(dian)池(chi)即(ji)指(zhi)這一類(lei)），閥(fa)控式密閉膠(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)（一般簡(jian)稱為膠(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)或GEL電(dian)池(chi)），富(fu)液蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)三種；當然也(ye)有0PzV，OPzS，卷繞式等市(shi)場占有率較(jiao)低(di)的，則不在此文介(jie)紹之列。

根據應用場(chang)景(jing)，則(ze)有汽車(che)啟動，通信，電力，電動自(zi)行車(che)和電動車(che)等。

所謂的放電深度，就是放出的電量占蓄電池額定容量的百分比。例如，一節100安時的蓄電池，放出來30安時的電量，放電深度就是30/100=30%DOD，其中DOD即depthofdischarge 是放電深度的縮寫。此外，常見的鉛酸蓄電池的額定電壓是12V，也有2V和6V的，4V和16V的則比較少見。這是因為鉛酸蓄電池的每個ce11或者叫單元的額定電壓是2V，為了獲得更高的電壓，常把多個單元串聯起來做成一只，將6個單元串聯成一只，就是12V，以此類推。

本文對常見鉛酸蓄電池的在25℃常溫(wen)下進行充電的方法進行分門別類(lei)的簡述。

充電(dian)器或充電(dian)機

直流電(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)直流電(dian)流表(biao)

計(ji)時器

確定電(dian)(dian)池(chi)或電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)額定容量。額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)用(yong)來(lai)確定充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，額定容量用(yong)來(lai)確定充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。

關于(yu)電(dian)壓(ya)：最簡單的(de)(de)辦法是從標簽(qian)上讀出(chu)來(lai)；例如下圖一中顯示的(de)(de)CSB蓄電(dian)池的(de)(de)額定電(dian)壓(ya)就是12V。

如果標(biao)簽磨損或(huo)者根本沒有(you)標(biao)簽，可以從排氣(qi)孔或(huo)者安(an)全閥(fa)的(de)(de)數量上來判斷，排氣(qi)孔是(shi)位于電(dian)池頂端的(de)(de)可以打開或(huo)可以開合的(de)(de)圓(yuan)孔。可以肯定的(de)(de)說，目前所有(you)的(de)(de)鉛酸蓄電(dian)池都(dou)有(you)排氣(qi)孔。每(mei)個(ge)排氣(qi)孔代表一(yi)個(ge)單(dan)元即(ji)2V，有(you)12個(ge)排氣(qi)孔電(dian)池的(de)(de)總電(dian)壓是(shi)24V。

關于容(rong)(rong)量(liang)：也可以(yi)從標(biao)簽上(shang)(shang)讀出來(lai)或者(zhe)算(suan)出來(lai)；一般來(lai)說，標(biao)簽上(shang)(shang)會標(biao)明電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)額定電(dian)壓(ya)，三PNP電(dian)池(chi)(chi)即標(biao)明為65Ah，但UPS電(dian)池(chi)(chi)通常是以(yi)W來(lai)表示的(de)(de)(de)，一即顯(xian)示34W，對這類電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)簡便的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算(suan)方法是瓦數(shu)除以(yi)四(si)，即8.5Ah；但遇(yu)到像(xiang)圖二(er)這種，就沒辦法了(le)，只能根據體積(ji)或者(zhe)重要來(lai)估計(ji)了(le)，而(er)且誤(wu)差較大，一般來(lai)說，12V100Ah的(de)(de)(de)AGM電(dian)池(chi)(chi)重30~35千(qian)克(ke)，所以(yi)，圖二(er)的(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)如(ru)果重500千(qian)克(ke)，可以(yi)算(suan)出來(lai)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)大約為700Ah。

如果(guo)你只需(xu)要(yao)使用(yong)該(gai)文所介(jie)紹的方(fang)法(fa)充一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)，該(gai)步驟可以跳(tiao)過；如果(guo)你需(xu)要(yao)長(chang)期(qi)使用(yong)，建(jian)議(yi)認真執行(xing)這一(yi)步，即確定蓄電(dian)池100%充滿電(dian)時(shi)(shi)的開路電(dian)壓，行(xing)業術語叫100%S0C（stageofcharge，荷電(dian)狀態(tai)）時(shi)(shi)的0CV（opencircuitvoltage，開路電(dian)壓）。

確(que)定充電(dian)電(dian)壓。

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)分為浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、均充(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、快(kuai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等。一般來說，浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為日常浮充(chong)使(shi)用，最低(di)；均充(chong)為放電(dian)(dian)后(hou)再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時使(shi)用，較高(gao)；快(kuai)充(chong)為應急場景下迅速(su)充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，最高(gao)，不常用。

本文中(zhong)所說的充電電壓為均充電壓。

有的(de)蓄(xu)電池的(de)標(biao)簽上(shang)會(hui)標(biao)明充(chong)電電壓，而且(qie)會(hui)分為浮(fu)充(chong)和均充(chong)，例如(ru)上(shang)圖一中所示，浮(fu)充(chong)電壓為13.5V~13.8V，均充(chong)電壓為14.4V~15.0V；這樣就比(bi)(bi)較簡單(dan)了，直(zhi)接(jie)使用均充(chong)電壓充(chong)電即可，可以選用比(bi)(bi)較安全(quan)的(de)中間值(zhi)或最小值(zhi)。均充(chong)電壓的(de)最高值(zhi)可以認為是快充(chong)電壓，通常認為對(dui)電池有一定的(de)傷害。

如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上(shang)沒有標出充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，可以根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)0CV估(gu)算合理的(de)均充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，一般(ban)來說，12V蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)加(jia)1~1.5V為合理的(de)均充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。其它額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以此類推。

如果不知道(dao)電(dian)池充滿(man)電(dian)時(shi)的開(kai)路電(dian)壓(ya)，可以(yi)偶爾(er)以(yi)2.4VPC的電(dian)壓(ya)進行盲充，但(dan)比較(jiao)難(nan)以(yi)判斷電(dian)池何(he)時(shi)充滿(man)，可能會有過充電(dian)，對電(dian)池造成(cheng)一定的傷(shang)害。所(suo)謂2.4VPC，即2.4V/ce11，每(mei)個單(dan)元(yuan)2.4V，如果是12個單(dan)元(yuan)，如上(shang)圖二所(suo)示，則均充電(dian)壓(ya)可以(yi)為28.8V4

確(que)定充電電流。

充電電流和電池的額(e)定容量(liang)(liang)有關。一般為0.1C~0.4C，即額(e)定容量(liang)(liang)的十分(fen)之一到十分(fen)之四。

如果是(shi)100Ah的電(dian)池，則為10A~40A。可以通過直流電(dian)流表即鉗形表進行測(ce)量。

當然了(le)，目前市場上有些技(ji)術先(xian)進的廠家采用(yong)(yong)薄極板技(ji)術，已經將充電(dian)電(dian)流提高(gao)(gao)至1C了(le)，即(ji)數值上等于額定(ding)容量。這(zhe)種大電(dian)流充電(dian)方(fang)法將大大縮短充電(dian)時(shi)間，只是這(zhe)類高(gao)(gao)端電(dian)池還不(bu)夠普及，本文中仍然采用(yong)(yong)常用(yong)(yong)的0.1C~0.4C法。

確定充電時(shi)間，或(huo)者說何時(shi)停止(zhi)充電。

如果不是(shi)盲充(chong)或者說以(yi)過高(gao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是(shi)隨(sui)著(zhu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)進行而減小的(de)。

如果(guo)以廠家(jia)推薦的(de)(de)均充電(dian)(dian)壓進行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)，一般來說，充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)降至0.03C時可以認(ren)為(wei)已經充滿電(dian)(dian)。例如，100Ah的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池，如果(guo)采用廠商推薦的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，則當充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)小(xiao)于3A時即可認(ren)為(wei)基本充滿電(dian)(dian)了。

或者(zhe)，以充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)進(jin)(jin)所需(xu)(xu)電(dian)量的1.2倍(bei)所需(xu)(xu)要(yao)的時間(jian)為充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)。例如，一(yi)節100Ah的電(dian)池，完全放電(dian)狀態(tai)，則需(xu)(xu)要(yao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)進(jin)(jin)100Ah才(cai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)；1.2倍(bei)即(ji)120Ah；如果充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)是0.15C即(ji)15A，那么，120÷15=8小時就差不多可以充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)了。

確定(ding)是否充滿了(le)

如果有必(bi)要的話，可(ke)以進(jin)行這(zhe)一步。方法是，充(chong)電完成(cheng)后(hou)，斷開所有線路，放置一小時以上，然后(hou)測(ce)量(liang)電池電壓(ya)。

可以和標(biao)準曲線對(dui)比來判斷是否(fou)已經充滿。

鉛酸電池修復

1.免維(wei)護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)（以(yi)下簡稱電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)）在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)基(ji)本不(bu)(bu)(bu)產生(sheng)氣(qi)泡，可(ke)以(yi)在密(mi)封狀態下，省去了加酸等維(wei)護工作。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)在充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中要(yao)完(wan)(wan)全(quan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)產生(sheng)氣(qi)體是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)能的，為了釋(shi)放(fang)氣(qi)體，電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能完(wan)(wan)全(quan)密(mi)閉。撬開電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)上部的塑料(liao)蓋(gai)板，就可(ke)以(yi)看到每個小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)上面都有(you)一個用(yong)橡皮帽蓋(gai)上的加液孔，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的水(shui)(shui)分可(ke)以(yi)通過(guo)橡皮帽蒸(zheng)發出去。即使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)不(bu)(bu)(bu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，水(shui)(shui)分也會蒸(zheng)發，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)容(rong)量下降，嚴(yan)重時(shi)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)就會干枯而不(bu)(bu)(bu)能充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。對于這種電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，只要(yao)向電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)添加蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)(shui)或純(chun)凈水(shui)(shui)，再(zai)進(jin)行(xing)幾次充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環(huan)，電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的大(da)部分容(rong)量都可(ke)以(yi)恢(hui)復(fu)。例：一個12V7.2Ah電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時(shi)間不(bu)(bu)(bu)長，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)到14V后進(jin)行(xing)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，短路電(dian)(dian)流只有(you)300多毫安(an)。揭開上蓋(gai)檢(jian)查，液已近干枯，注(zhu)入蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)(shui)并進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環(huan)兩次，容(rong)量恢(hui)復(fu)到84%，已能正(zheng)常工作。

2.電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)在(zai)(zai)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液的硫(liu)酸濃(nong)(nong)度和(he)和(he)比重(zhong)下降，完(wan)全放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，在(zai)(zai)15℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)的比重(zhong)降到1.11。一般充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)比重(zhong)上升，夏天充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后的比重(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.25~1.26，冬(dong)天為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.27~1.28。因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)處在(zai)(zai)密封狀(zhuang)態(tai)，在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，只能根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)來(lai)判斷是否已充好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)已放完(wan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。6V和(he)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)充足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)6.8V~7V和(he)13.6V~14V，完(wan)全放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，6V和(he)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)5.3V和(he)10.6V。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)如(ru)果過度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)長期處于(yu)半放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)會硫(liu)化(hua)，硫(liu)化(hua)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)不能用(yong)添加蒸餾水和(he)常規充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的方法來(lai)消除，只有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液硫(liu)酸的濃(nong)(nong)度比較(jiao)低時(shi)(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，硫(liu)化(hua)才能消除。

如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)硫(liu)化不(bu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)，容量下降不(bu)多(duo)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流（0.05A或更小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)）對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)長時間充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)硫(liu)化比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較嚴(yan)重(zhong)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)(dao)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（6V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充(chong)(chong)(chong)到(dao)(dao)7V，12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充(chong)(chong)(chong)到(dao)(dao)14V），用(yong)注(zhu)(zhu)射器把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)抽(chou)(chou)出，然后(hou)注(zhu)(zhu)入蒸(zheng)餾水，以稀釋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)1~2小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時后(hou)再(zai)(zai)抽(chou)(chou)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)，注(zhu)(zhu)入蒸(zheng)餾水，重(zhong)復(fu)以上操(cao)作，直到(dao)(dao)抽(chou)(chou)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)重(zhong)不(bu)再(zai)(zai)顯(xian)著上升時為止（一般2~3次(ci)即可(ke)(ke)(ke)）。此(ci)時盡量反電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)抽(chou)(chou)出，再(zai)(zai)根據環境溫度注(zhu)(zhu)入比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)重(zhong)為1.25~1.28的(de)硫(liu)酸(suan)，放(fang)完電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)再(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)液(ye)(ye)的(de)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)重(zhong)。若比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)重(zhong)較小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)次(ci)抽(chou)(chou)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)并注(zhu)(zhu)入硫(liu)酸(suan)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)的(de)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)重(zhong)達到(dao)(dao)標準(zhun)。注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)注(zhu)(zhu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)內的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)不(bu)宜多(duo)，待電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)內海綿狀(zhuang)的(de)物質吸滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)即可(ke)(ke)(ke)，將多(duo)余(yu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)抽(chou)(chou)出，修(xiu)復(fu)工作即告完成(cheng)。例：一個SonyBP603Ah電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)，是(shi)八十年(nian)代(dai)用(yong)于3/4英寸攝(she)像機的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)硫(liu)化嚴(yan)重(zhong)。采用(yong)上述方法修(xiu)復(fu)后(hou)，容量恢復(fu)到(dao)(dao)2.2Ah。

3.有的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)橋或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池對(dui)外(wai)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)引出線出現(xian)斷(duan)裂(lie)（多數(shu)情況是(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)負極的(de)(de)(de)(de)引出線斷(duan)裂(lie)），電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶就(jiu)不能(neng)工作(zuo)了。變(bian)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶，只(zhi)有把斷(duan)裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部位(wei)找到(dao)(dao)(dao)才能(neng)修復。采用(yong)上(shang)述(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)入(ru)鍍銅錢的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，用(yong)萬用(yong)表找到(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)或輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，斷(duan)裂(lie)點就(jiu)在該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池上(shang)。找到(dao)(dao)(dao)以后(hou)，在斷(duan)裂(lie)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)料蓋上(shang)開一個孔，孔的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小以能(neng)用(yong)烙鐵伸(shen)入(ru)到(dao)(dao)(dao)斷(duan)裂(lie)處(chu)進(jin)行焊(han)接(jie)為度，不宜(yi)太大。焊(han)接(jie)好后(hou)，經檢查(cha)連(lian)接(jie)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)，用(yong)塑(su)料或環(huan)氧樹脂(zhi)把打開的(de)(de)(de)(de)孔封閉，再用(yong)上(shang)述(shu)方法(fa)進(jin)行復活，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶就(jiu)可以重新投入(ru)工作(zuo)了。

4.電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶內部如有(you)短路(lu)故障，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)低壓大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流把短路(lu)點燒掉。如果出(chu)現(xian)活性物質(zhi)脫落(luo)（表(biao)現(xian)為抽出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液中有(you)褐色物質(zhi)），說明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶壽命已經完結，這類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶就不(bu)必(bi)修理了(le)。但如果僅是其中一兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命終(zhong)結，可(ke)把這一兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短路(lu)起來(lai)，余下的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)尚可(ke)作為較(jiao)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶繼續使用(yong)(yong)。

兩點說明

1.雜質（特(te)別是鐵離子）對電瓶(ping)(ping)的危害很大，會造成電瓶(ping)(ping)自放電，縮短自身壽命。因此，在注入硫(liu)酸和(he)水(shui)時，要注意純度。

2.比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)計(ji)是修(xiu)復電瓶必不(bu)可(ke)少的(de)工具，但市售的(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)計(ji)測(ce)量(liang)時需要較多電解液，難以使用。筆(bi)者用中(zhong)性筆(bi)的(de)筆(bi)心和圓珠筆(bi)的(de)筆(bi)帽做了一(yi)個微型簡易(yi)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)計(ji)：把比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)計(ji)放(fang)在(zai)純水(shui)中(zhong)，記下(xia)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)計(ji)在(zai)水(shui)面的(de)位置，這(zhe)是比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)為1.00的(de)刻度(du)位置；再把比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)計(ji)放(fang)入已知濃度(du)（在(zai)電瓶商(shang)店或維修(xiu)店可(ke)買到稀硫酸(suan)(suan)，可(ke)請他們準確測(ce)量(liang)出硫酸(suan)(suan)的(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)，例如1.28）的(de)硫酸(suan)(suan)液中(zhong)，記下(xia)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)計(ji)在(zai)液面位置；將量(liang)出的(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)為1.00~1.28的(de)長(chang)度(du)刻在(zai)紙上，再把1.00~1.28之間(jian)的(de)刻度(du)28等分，比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)計(ji)就做成了。

鉛酸電池有沒有記憶

記(ji)憶(yi)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)，通俗來說(shuo)，就是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)池記(ji)住(zhu)了上次(ci)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)節點，導(dao)致以(yi)后(hou)無法(fa)突(tu)破這(zhe)個節點導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量減少了。記(ji)憶(yi)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)上世紀的(de)(de)鎳(nie)系電(dian)(dian)池尤其是(shi)(shi)鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)特性(xing)，后(hou)面鎳(nie)氫基(ji)本上就沒有了。鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池是(shi)(shi)沒有記(ji)憶(yi)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)，雖然(ran)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池使用不當(dang)時也(ye)會有容(rong)量衰減的(de)(de)現象，但那是(shi)(shi)硫(liu)化(hua)，不是(shi)(shi)記(ji)憶(yi)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)。而且記(ji)憶(yi)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)和(he)硫(liu)化(hua)的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)方(fang)式是(shi)(shi)不一樣的(de)(de)。記(ji)憶(yi)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)定期深度(du)放電(dian)(dian)，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池放空，而硫(liu)化(hua)的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)是(shi)(shi)盡(jin)量每次(ci)都充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)。

鉛酸電池(chi)（Lead-acid battery）電極主(zhu)(zhu)要由鉛及其氧化物制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，電解液(ye)是硫(liu)酸溶(rong)液(ye)的一種蓄電池(chi)。放電狀態(tai)下(xia)，正極主(zhu)(zhu)要成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分為(wei)二氧化鉛，負極主(zhu)(zhu)要成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分為(wei)鉛；充(chong)電狀態(tai)下(xia)，正負極的主(zhu)(zhu)要成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分均為(wei)硫(liu)酸鉛。

隨著蓄(xu)電池制造技術的升級，鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池發展為(wei)鉛(qian)酸(suan)免(mian)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)蓄(xu)電池和(he)膠(jiao)體免(mian)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)電池，鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池使(shi)用(yong)中無需添加電解液(ye)或蒸餾水。主要(yao)是利用(yong)正極(ji)產生氧(yang)氣(qi)可在負(fu)極(ji)吸收(shou)達(da)到(dao)氧(yang)循環，可防止水分(fen)減少。當(dang)放電進(jin)行時，硫酸(suan)溶液(ye)的濃度(du)將不斷降低，當(dang)溶液(ye)的密度(du)降到(dao)1.18g/m1時應停(ting)止使(shi)用(yong)進(jin)行充電。

蓄(xu)電池(chi)的容量(liang)下降和損壞(huai)多是(shi)過充電造成。充電將達到頂(ding)點(dian)時，充電電流(liu)只(zhi)被用(yong)來分(fen)解電解液中的水，此時，電池(chi)正(zheng)極(ji)產生(sheng)氧氣(qi)，負極(ji)產生(sheng)氫氣(qi)，氣(qi)體(ti)會從蓄(xu)電池(chi)中溢出，造成電解液減少，需不定(ding)時加(jia)水。