所謂硫酸化是指鉛酸蓄電池正(zheng)負極板(ban)(ban)上形(xing)成不(bu)可逆硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)鹽化(hua)組(zu)成一層白(bai)色(se)粗(cu)粒結晶的(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)而言。這種結晶體很難(nan)在正(zheng)常的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)消(xiao)除，硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成程度(du)與鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量有很大的(de)(de)(de)關系，硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)越嚴重，電(dian)容量越少，直(zhi)至報(bao)廢，極板(ban)(ban)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素很多，主要(yao)是鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)貯存時(shi)間過(guo)長，因(yin)為(wei)極板(ban)(ban)在化(hua)成處理時(shi)活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質表(biao)面(mian)存在硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)，導致(zhi)活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)老化(hua)后失(shi)去電(dian)離(li)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用.鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)帶電(dian)擱(ge)置時(shi)處于(yu)放(fang)電(dian)狀態，放(fang)電(dian)后未及時(shi)給(gei)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)，解液(ye)密度(du)過(guo)高或不(bu)純(chun)，都會使正(zheng)負極板(ban)(ban)中活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)形(xing)成不(bu)可硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)。所以硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)化(hua)是導致(zhi)極板(ban)(ban)活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質失(shi)效報(bao)廢的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)原因(yin)。

（一）極板硫(liu)酸鹽化的現(xian)象如下(xia)：

1硫酸鹽化電池在放(fang)電時，比其他正(zheng)常電池的容量明顯降低。

2電解(jie)液密度(du)下(xia)降(jiang)低于正常值，而且是長時(shi)期落后(hou)。

3充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)壓上(shang)升很(hen)快(kuai)，高達2.9伏/單(dan)格左(zuo)右（正常(chang)值(zhi)2.7伏/單(dan)格左(zuo)右），而在(zai)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)壓降低(di)很(hen)快(kuai)，1~2小(xiao)時(shi)內就降低(di)到1.8伏左(zuo)右（10小(xiao)時(shi)率放(fang)電(dian)(dian)）。

4充電(dian)過(guo)程中冒氣泡(pao)過(guo)早。

5極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)顏色和狀態不正(zheng)常。正(zheng)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)呈淺褐(he)色（正(zheng)常為(wei)深(shen)褐(he)色），極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)表(biao)面有(you)白色硫酸鉛斑點(dian)，負極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)呈灰白色（正(zheng)常為(wei)灰色），用手指摸極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)表(biao)面時感覺(jue)有(you)粗(cu)大顆粒的(de)硫酸鉛結晶(jing)，并且極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)發(fa)硬。

（二）鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)極(ji)板硫酸鹽化處理辦法

1過充電(dian)法。適用(yong)于硫酸鹽化不(bu)很嚴重(zhong)的蓄電(dian)池。

傾出電(dian)池中的電(dian)解液(ye)并立即(ji)加入純水，液(ye)面高出極(ji)板20mm左右(you)，用0.1C20A進行充電(dian)（C20為電(dian)池額定(ding)容量）。

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)上(shang)升到(dao)(dao)2.5伏/單格(ge)時，停充半小(xiao)時，改用0.025C20A小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充數晝夜（100小(xiao)時以上(shang)）一直(zhi)到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、比重等穩定不變，極板上(shang)白色斑點消失(shi)為止。停充電(dian)(dian)(dian)前1小(xiao)時調整電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液密度為

1.28g/ml。

2反復充電(dian)法。硫酸鹽化(hua)嚴重，容(rong)量(liang)僅為正常電(dian)池的(de)一半(ban)。傾(qing)出電(dian)解液并立即加入純(chun)水，液面(mian)高出極板(ban)20mm左右。

用(yong)0.1C20A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升為2.5伏/格時(shi)(shi)，停充(chong)(chong)(chong)半(ban)(ban)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，改(gai)用(yong)0.05C20A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)到(dao)有(you)大氣泡時(shi)(shi)停充(chong)(chong)(chong)半(ban)(ban)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，改(gai)用(yong)0.05C20A充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、密度等穩定(ding)不變，停充(chong)(chong)(chong)半(ban)(ban)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，再(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液立(li)即起(qi)沸騰(teng)現象，10分鐘左右電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)即上(shang)升到(dao)上(shang)次充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終(zhong)了(le)時(shi)(shi)的值(zhi)，否則(ze)再(zai)停再(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)。

充好后的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池用0.05C20A電(dian)(dian)(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)1.80伏(fu)/格(ge)時(shi)，停放(fang)靜置1~2小時(shi)再(zai)用0.05C20A電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充好后再(zai)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，如容量(liang)提高不(bu)多，白點又未消除(chu)時(shi)再(zai)充再(zai)放(fang)，反復連(lian)續進行(xing)數晝夜(ye)，直到放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)近額定容量(liang)，白斑完全消除(chu)為(wei)止(zhi)。

3水(shui)療(liao)法（反(fan)復(fu)充放電法）。適用(yong)于硫酸鹽化(hua)極為(wei)嚴(yan)重，容量已達不到(dao)額定容量一半的蓄電池。

將(jiang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)至電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)1.8伏/格（用(yong)10小(xiao)時(shi)率電(dian)(dian)(dian)流），將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)傾出，注入純水，液(ye)面(mian)高(gao)于極板20mm左右，靜置1~2小(xiao)時(shi)，用(yong)0.05C20A充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)密度升至1.1~1.2g/m1，改用(yong)0.02C20A充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)密度不(bu)再上(shang)升，均勻(yun)冒氣泡為(wei)止，用(yong)0.02C20A放電(dian)(dian)(dian)2小(xiao)時(shi)。然后再用(yong)0.02C20A充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至均勻(yun)冒出氣泡，注意充(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)應遠遠超過放出電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，這樣反復數周或(huo)一個月(yue)，直到用(yong)0.05C2。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)檢查達到額(e)定容量(liang)的75%以上(shang)為(wei)止。