（1）安全性能

安全性能指標不合格的蓄電池是不可接受的，其中影響最大的是爆炸和漏液。爆炸和漏液的發生主要與蓄電池的內壓、結構、工藝設計（比如安全閥失效）及應當禁止的不正確操作有關。

（2）額定容量

為了蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)，定(ding)義了蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)。額定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)是蓄電(dian)(dian)池制造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)時候，規定(ding)蓄電(dian)(dian)池在一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)條件(jian)(jian)下應該放出的(de)(de)(de)最低限度的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)，其單位為Ah。使(shi)用條件(jian)(jian)不同，蓄電(dian)(dian)池能(neng)夠放出的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)也不同。規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)條件(jian)(jian)為：

①蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。一般所說的(de)(de)(de)就是放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，針(zhen)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)分(fen)別有時(shi)間(jian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)是指在一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條(tiao)件下放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)長短。依據IEC標準(zhun)，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)分(fen)別為20小(xiao)時(shi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、10小(xiao)時(shi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、5小(xiao)時(shi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、3小(xiao)時(shi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、2小(xiao)時(shi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、1小(xiao)時(shi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、0.5小(xiao)時(shi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)等。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)容量(liang)用C來表示，以不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)得到的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)會不(bu)(bu)(bu)同。②放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，終(zhong)止(zhi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)相同。隨(sui)著放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)進行，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)會逐步下降。在25℃條(tiao)件下放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到能夠(gou)再次反(fan)復充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使用的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)稱為放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)相同。一般為10小(xiao)時(shi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)多數為1.8/

單格，以2小時率方(fang)電(dian)的終止電(dian)壓一(yi)般(ban)為1.75V/單格。低(di)于(yu)這個電(dian)壓時，雖然可以放(fang)出(chu)稍(shao)微多一(yi)點的電(dian)量，但是容(rong)易(yi)形(xing)成再次(ci)充電(dian)的容(rong)量下降(jiang)，所以除非特(te)殊情況，不要放(fang)電(dian)到(dao)終止電(dian)壓。

③放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)度。需電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在低(di)溫(wen)時的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)小，高溫(wen)時的容(rong)量(liang)(liang)大(da)，為了(le)統一(yi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)就規定了(le)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)度。

④蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量反應蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)實際(ji)(ji)存儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)少，單位用安時表(biao)(biao)示(shi)（Ah）表(biao)(biao)示(shi)。同樣安時數越大，則蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量就越大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)續行(xing)(xing)里程就越遠。在使用過程中，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量會逐步(bu)衰減。國家標準規定新出廠的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量大于(yu)額定容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量者為(wei)合格蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。如(ru)現在市場(chang)上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，以(yi)恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流5A放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)超過2h，相(xiang)當于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)在平坦的(de)(de)(de)路上(shang)連續行(xing)(xing)駛2h以(yi)上(shang)。

影響(xiang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)有(you)極板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)造、充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度及(ji)密(mi)度等，其(qi)中以(yi)(yi)(yi)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和(he)溫(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)最大(da)(da)。如(ru)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過大(da)(da)，將(jiang)使(shi)極板(ban)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)活性物質變化(hua)處于表面，容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)則降低很多。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不同(tong)，所(suo)能夠放(fang)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)也(ye)不相同(tong)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)越大(da)(da)，能夠放(fang)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)越小(xiao)。例如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)車常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)5A，使(shi)用標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)10Ah的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)2小(xiao)時(shi)率放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如(ru)果(guo)采(cai)用10小(xiao)時(shi)率放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)達(da)到12Ah。這樣，該蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)如(ru)果(guo)按照(zhao)2小(xiao)時(shi)率標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)應該是(shi)(shi)10Ah，如(ru)果(guo)按照(zhao)10小(xiao)時(shi)率標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)12Ah.所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)評價蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)不僅僅要看蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)，還要看蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)往往標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)10Ah，同(tong)一(yi)個蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)12Ah和(he)14Ah。再比如(ru)，14Ah的(de)(de)(de)(de)許(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)為(wei)17Ah。還有(you)一(yi)些蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)為(wei)20Ah，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)值大(da)(da)了，但是(shi)(shi)其(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)沒有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)。

（3）內組

蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)是(shi)指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流流過蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)部時(shi)所(suo)受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)力(li)，鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)很(hen)(hen)小，需要用專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀器才可以測得到比較準確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果。一般所(suo)指(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)是(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)態(tai)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，即(ji)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)。與之(zhi)對(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)態(tai)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，并且不太(tai)穩定。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)自身消耗掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)越(yue)(yue)多，其使(shi)(shi)用效率越(yue)(yue)低(di)。內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)很(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)發熱很(hen)(hen)厲害(hai)，使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度急劇(ju)上升，對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)都很(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)。隨著(zhu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)(shi)用次數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)多，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消耗及蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)部化學物(wu)質(zhi)活性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)低(di)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)會有不同程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)大(da)(da)，質(zhi)量(liang)越(yue)(yue)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)增(zeng)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)越(yue)(yue)快。

蓄電(dian)(dian)池內部(bu)阻(zu)抗會因(yin)(yin)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)增加而增大，尤其(qi)是在放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)終止時阻(zu)抗最大，主要因(yin)(yin)為放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)進行使得極(ji)板內產生不良(liang)導體硫酸鉛以及電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)比重下(xia)降，故放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)后務必馬上充電(dian)(dian)。若(ruo)任其(qi)持續放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)，則硫酸鉛形(xing)成安定的(de)白色結晶（即硫化現象(xiang)）后，即使充電(dian)(dian)，極(ji)板的(de)活性(xing)物質亦(yi)無法恢復原狀，從(cong)而將(jiang)縮(suo)短蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)使用(yong)壽命。

溫度的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)降(jiang)將導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)流(liu)動性變(bian)差，極板(ban)收(shou)縮(suo)，化學變(bian)化遲緩，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內阻增加(jia)。從30℃開始(shi)，若溫度下(xia)降(jiang)1℃，容(rong)量(liang)將下(xia)降(jiang)1%左右，其內阻也有所增大。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)嚴(yan)寒(han)地區，氣溫在(zai)-20℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)時容(rong)量(liang)已下(xia)降(jiang)至(zhi)60%，內阻增大，常感到蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力不(bu)足(zu)。在(zai)嚴(yan)寒(han)地區易出(chu)(chu)(chu)現過量(liang)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而在(zai)溫帶地區則經常出(chu)(chu)(chu)現過量(liang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)要使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)好蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，必(bi)須根(gen)據當(dang)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣候條件，針對實際情況，掌握其使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)規律。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)必(bi)須根(gen)據不(bu)同情況選擇適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法并正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)，這(zhe)樣才能提高蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)，延長蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命。鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內阻與鎳氫蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)及鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)相(xiang)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)，即蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)下(xia)降(jiang)2/3后(hou)，仍能提供較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓基本穩定，波(bo)動較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)。而鎳氫蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)及鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)不(bu)同了。以(yi)(yi)(yi)36V/9Ah鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)例(li)，當(dang)容(rong)量(liang)下(xia)降(jiang)到原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/3后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)為(wei)12A時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓就(jiu)會有4~5V的(de)(de)(de)(de)波(bo)動，即有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)時為(wei)31V，無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)時接近35V。這(zhe)樣在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車應用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)，騎行時會出(chu)(chu)(chu)現運(yun)行不(bu)平穩，時而有輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)時而無輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。

（4）循環壽命

循(xun)環壽命(ming)是(shi)指(zhi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可經歷的(de)(de)重復充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)次數(shu)(shu)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)壽命(ming)和容量(liang)成反比(bi)關系，循(xun)環壽命(ming)還與充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)條件密切相關，一(yi)般充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流越(yue)大（充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速度越(yue)快），循(xun)環壽命(ming)越(yue)短(duan)。壽命(ming)是(shi)表示蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)衰減(jian)速度的(de)(de)一(yi)項指(zhi)標，隨(sui)著使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)深入，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)的(de)(de)衰減(jian)是(shi)不可避免(mian)的(de)(de)，當容量(liang)衰減(jian)到某(mou)規定(ding)(ding)值(zhi)時，可以判定(ding)(ding)壽命(ming)終結。按照新制定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)標準，一(yi)定(ding)(ding)容量(liang)70%充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環次數(shu)(shu)來表示蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)壽命(ming)，合格(ge)底(di)線為350次。因此，對(dui)于日常交通(tong)距離(li)小于30km的(de)(de)用(yong)戶而言，若電(dian)(dian)(dian)機、控(kong)制器、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器等都(dou)是(shi)良好的(de)(de)，使(shi)用(yong)方(fang)法正確(que)，一(yi)組較(jiao)好的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)最短(duan)服役時間達(da)到一(yi)年以上應該是(shi)可以保證的(de)(de)。

容量(liang)和(he)壽命(ming)是衡量(liang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能的(de)主要指(zhi)標，容量(liang)一般以Ah為(wei)(wei)單位，表明蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲備能量(liang)的(de)能力。例如一個標稱(cheng)容量(liang)為(wei)(wei)12Ah的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，則必須達(da)到以6A放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，放至終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓3105V（36V）的(de)時(shi)間(jian)應(ying)不小于(yu)2h的(de)水平(ping)。將這種蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自(zi)(zi)行(xing)車(che)，載重75kg，在(zai)平(ping)坦路面上騎行(xing)，工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)流約為(wei)(wei)4A，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)應(ying)大于(yu)3h，時(shi)速為(wei)(wei)20km，那么它的(de)理論續行(xing)里程將達(da)到50km。若(ruo)考慮途(tu)中剎車(che)、啟動等因素，采用(yong)這種蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自(zi)(zi)行(xing)車(che)的(de)續行(xing)里程可達(da)到40~50km。

一般來(lai)說(shuo)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流越(yue)大，蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)壽命越(yue)短；放(fang)電(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)越(yue)深(shen)，蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)壽命也越(yue)短。

鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池可以應付短時間的大(da)電流放(fang)(fang)電，這時候放(fang)(fang)電深度不(bu)深。小電流放(fang)(fang)電時，即便放(fang)(fang)電深度稍微深一些，對(dui)蓄(xu)電池的壽命(ming)影響也不(bu)大(da)。蓄(xu)電池最怕連續大(da)電流深度放(fang)(fang)電。

影(ying)響鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命(ming)的(de)因(yin)素(su)有極(ji)板(ban)(ban)的(de)內在(zai)因(yin)素(su)，諸如(ru)活(huo)性物質的(de)組成、晶型、孔(kong)隙率、極(ji)板(ban)(ban)尺寸、板(ban)(ban)柵材料(liao)和(he)結構等；也取決(jue)于一(yi)系列外在(zai)因(yin)素(su)，如(ru)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流密度、電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)濃度和(he)溫度、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)深度、維護狀(zhuang)況和(he)儲存時間等。

①放電(dian)深度(du)(du)。放電(dian)深度(du)(du)即使用(yong)過程(cheng)中放電(dian)到何程(cheng)度(du)(du)時(shi)開始停止，100%深度(du)(du)指(zhi)放出(chu)全部容量。鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)的壽命(ming)受放電(dian)深度(du)(du)的影響(xiang)很(hen)大。設(she)計造型時(shi)重點要考慮的深循環(huan)使用(yong)，則鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)會很(hen)快失效。

因為(wei)正極活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物質二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)本身互(hu)相結合(he)就(jiu)不牢，放(fang)電時生成(cheng)硫(liu)(liu)酸鉛(qian)，充(chong)電時又恢復為(wei)二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)，硫(liu)(liu)酸鉛(qian)的(de)(de)摩爾體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)比(bi)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)大，則放(fang)電時活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物質體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)膨脹(zhang)。1mo1氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)1mo1硫(liu)(liu)酸鉛(qian)時，體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)增加95%。這樣反復收縮(suo)和膨脹(zhang)，就(jiu)會使二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)粒子之間的(de)(de)相互(hu)結合(he)逐漸(jian)松(song)弛，易(yi)于脫落。若1mo1二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)的(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物質只有2220%放(fang)電，則收縮(suo)、膨脹(zhang)的(de)(de)過程就(jiu)大大降低，結合(he)力破壞變緩，因此，放(fang)電深度越深，其循環壽命越短。

②過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)程度(du)。過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時有(you)大量(liang)氣體(ti)析出，這時正(zheng)極板活性(xing)物(wu)質遭(zao)受(shou)氣體(ti)的沖擊(ji)，這種沖擊(ji)會促進(jin)活性(xing)物(wu)質脫落(luo)。此外，正(zheng)極柵合金(jin)也遭(zao)受(shou)嚴重的陽極氧化而腐(fu)蝕(shi)，所以蓄電(dian)(dian)池過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時會使蓄電(dian)(dian)池的使用壽命縮短(duan)。

③溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)的影響。鉛酸蓄電(dian)池的壽(shou)命(ming)隨(sui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)升高而(er)延長。在10℃~35℃之(zhi)間(jian)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)每升高1℃，增(zeng)加5~6個(ge)循(xun)環；在35℃~45℃之(zhi)間(jian)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)每升高1℃，可延長壽(shou)命(ming)25個(ge)循(xun)環以上；溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)高于50℃，則因負極硫化(hua)容量損失而(er)縮(suo)短了(le)壽(shou)命(ming)。

蓄(xu)電池的壽命在一定(ding)溫度范圍內隨溫度升高(gao)而延長，這是因為容量(liang)隨溫度升高(gao)而增大。

如(ru)果放(fang)(fang)電容量不(bu)變(bian)，則在溫度升高(gao)時其放(fang)(fang)電深度降低，而(er)使壽命延長(chang)。

④硫(liu)酸(suan)濃度(du)(du)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。硫(liu)酸(suan)濃度(du)(du)的(de)(de)增大，雖對正極板容量有(you)利，但蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)自放電(dian)(dian)增加板柵(zha)的(de)(de)腐蝕加速，也促使二氧化鉛松散脫落。隨著(zhu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)中硫(liu)酸(suan)濃度(du)(du)的(de)(de)增大，循環(huan)壽命將縮短。

⑤放電電流(liu)密(mi)度(du)的影響(xiang)。隨(sui)著放電電流(liu)密(mi)度(du)的增大(da)(da)蓄(xu)電池的壽命將縮(suo)短，因為在(zai)大(da)(da)電流(liu)密(mi)度(du)和高硫酸濃度(du)條件下(xia)，正極二氧化鉛易松散脫落。

（5）荷電保持能力(li)

蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)荷電保(bao)持能力是指在(zai)(zai)開路狀態下(xia)(xia)，蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)儲存的(de)(de)電量(liang)在(zai)(zai)一定環境條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)保(bao)持能力。自(zi)放(fang)(fang)電主要是由蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)材料、制(zhi)作工藝(yi)、儲存條(tiao)件等多反(fan)面的(de)(de)因(yin)素(su)決定的(de)(de)。通(tong)常溫(wen)度(du)(du)越高，自(zi)放(fang)(fang)電率(lv)越大(da)。蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)有(you)一定程(cheng)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)自(zi)放(fang)(fang)電屬于正(zheng)(zheng)常現象。經充電的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)存放(fang)(fang)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，其容(rong)量(liang)會因(yin)內部的(de)(de)自(zi)行放(fang)(fang)電而(er)逐漸減小(xiao)，其原因(yin)是被充電的(de)(de)陰極活性物質和(he)硫(liu)酸(suan)起(qi)了反(fan)應(ying)，生產(chan)氫氣而(er)失電。一般(ban)在(zai)(zai)溫(wen)度(du)(du)越高和(he)比重越大(da)時，自(zi)放(fang)(fang)電量(liang)也越大(da)。在(zai)(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)常情況下(xia)(xia)，蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)每(mei)存放(fang)(fang)一天，容(rong)量(liang)減小(xiao)2%左右，超過(guo)(guo)此值則屬不(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)常。造成(cheng)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)自(zi)行放(fang)(fang)電的(de)(de)主要原因(yin)是電解(jie)液不(bu)純凈或單體蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)內電解(jie)液中硫(liu)酸(suan)的(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)不(bu)均(jun)勻，特別是電解(jie)液中的(de)(de)硫(liu)酸(suan)下(xia)(xia)沉，出現上下(xia)(xia)濃度(du)(du)差時，就會使極板產(chan)生電位差而(er)引(yin)起(qi)自(zi)行放(fang)(fang)電。

（6）高放電性能(neng)

高率放(fang)電(dian)(dian)性能即(ji)(ji)大電(dian)(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)(dian)能力，主(zhu)要和蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料及制作工藝(yi)有關(guan)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)幾乎與放(fang)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)成(cheng)正(zheng)比(bi)(bi)例(li)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，根據蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)完全放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)及10%放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)，即(ji)(ji)可推算(suan)出蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)。測(ce)定鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)是(shi)得知(zhi)(zhi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳方式(shi)。測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)時(shi)，須(xu)使用(yong)吸(xi)收式(shi)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)計(ji)(ji)將電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液緩緩吸(xi)入(ru)外(wai)筒(tong)，從浮標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刻(ke)度(du)即(ji)(ji)可測(ce)知(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)。鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)會(hui)隨溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)變化(hua)而變化(hua)，電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)以20℃時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)為標(biao)準，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)計(ji)(ji)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)讀數必須(xu)換算(suan)為20℃時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)。比(bi)(bi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)變化(hua)1℃時(shi)，則比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)變化(hua)0.0007，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，在(zai)測(ce)量(liang)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)必須(xu)測(ce)量(liang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)，測(ce)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)應使用(yong)棒狀酒精溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)計(ji)(ji)。若在(zai)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)t時(shi)所測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)為st，則可以下式(shi)換算(suan)標(biao)準溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)（20℃）時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)s20。

S20=St+0.0007（-20）式中：S20為換算到20℃時(shi)的比(bi)重(zhong)；St為溫度t時(shi)所(suo)測的比(bi)重(zhong)；t為電解液(ye)的實(shi)際(ji)溫度。例(li)如：20℃時(shi)比(bi)重(zhong)為1.280，在10℃時(shi)變為1.287，30℃時(shi)變成(cheng)1.273。

（7）蓄電池的(de)額(e)定電壓(ya)

國家標(biao)準規定(ding)的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)為(wei)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，用V表示。鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)每格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)為(wei)2V，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)是(shi)(shi)把3格(ge)隔槽（約2.1V）串聯在(zai)一(yi)起而構成6.3V（標(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)6V的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)），串聯6格(ge)就(jiu)為(wei)12.6V（標(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)12V的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）。該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)完全充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)狀態下且端(duan)子間(jian)沒構成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路時的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)）。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢和(he)硫酸(suan)濃度成正(zheng)比，并(bing)受溫(wen)度影響。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)與放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻有關，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流越(yue)(yue)大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下降的(de)(de)越(yue)(yue)多。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到oV后(hou)，即使再充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也不能(neng)恢(hui)復原(yuan)來的(de)(de)性能(neng)。所(suo)以，依放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)多少(shao)規定(ding)了(le)相應(ying)的(de)(de)停止(zhi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，以避免放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至低于該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。另外，按(an)規定(ding)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到停止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后(hou)擱置一(yi)段時間(jian)，其開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)便恢(hui)復到和(he)硫酸(suan)濃度相應(ying)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。

市(shi)場(chang)上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)(zi)行車蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)只(zhi)有(you)6V或12v，而大部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)(zi)行車用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為36V，則需由(you)6只(zhi)6V蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)3只(zhi)12V蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)串聯形成蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是指蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)實際輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)能時的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值，36V蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)一般在41~31.5V之間，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低于31.5v時稱(cheng)為過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)或欠壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，容(rong)易損壞蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)，影響蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽命。

（8）電解液(ye)

電解(jie)液是由高純度硫酸和純水組成的(de)無色透(tou)明(ming)的(de)稀(xi)硫酸，它和陰(yin)、陽極板起化(hua)(hua)學作用(yong)，把化(hua)(hua)學能轉化(hua)(hua)成電能，同時在(zai)蓄電池內部起導(dao)電作用(yong)。電解(jie)液的(de)比重在(zai)標準溫度20℃下定位(wei)1.28。