全固態鋰電池，是一種使用固體電極材料和固體電解質材料，不含有任何液體的鋰電池，主要包括全固態鋰離子電池和全固態金屬鋰電池，差別在于前者負極不含金屬鋰，后者負極為金屬鋰。

傳統液態(tai)(tai)(tai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)與(yu)全(quan)固(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)從出現的(de)時間(jian)節點(dian)來看(kan)，全(quan)固(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)金(jin)屬(shu)鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)要(yao)早于液態(tai)(tai)(tai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，只不過(guo)在(zai)早期，全(quan)固(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)金(jin)屬(shu)鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電化學性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、安全(quan)性(xing)、工程(cheng)化制(zhi)造方(fang)面(mian)一直(zhi)無法滿足(zu)應(ying)用要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。液態(tai)(tai)(tai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)通過(guo)不斷(duan)改進，綜合技術指(zhi)標逐漸(jian)滿足(zu)消費(fei)電子(zi)類市場應(ying)用需求(qiu)(qiu)，后來被更多的(de)市場所接受(shou)。從技術發展趨勢來看(kan)，相比(bi)液態(tai)(tai)(tai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，全(quan)固(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)金(jin)屬(shu)鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)有可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)具(ju)有安全(quan)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)好、能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)密(mi)度高和循環壽命(ming)長等優點(dian)。近年來，固(gu)(gu)體電解(jie)質材料(liao)，特(te)別是硫化物電解(jie)質材料(liao)在(zai)離(li)(li)子(zi)電導(dao)率方(fang)面(mian)取(qu)得了(le)重(zhong)大突(tu)破，因此全(quan)固(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)(tai)鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)技術漸(jian)漸(jian)開始引起世界范圍(wei)內的(de)研發機構和大型企業(ye)的(de)重(zhong)視(shi)。

全(quan)固態鋰電池的(de)分類(lei)：

伴(ban)隨(sui)著全固(gu)態(tai)(tai)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)熱的(de)(de)興起，各種“全固(gu)態(tai)(tai)”或“固(gu)態(tai)(tai)”概念(nian)的(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)相繼出現(xian)，存在著混(hun)淆概念(nian)的(de)(de)現(xian)狀。特將已出現(xian)的(de)(de)七(qi)類跟固(gu)態(tai)(tai)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)相關的(de)(de)概念(nian)進行了梳理(li)，并進行了初步的(de)(de)總結(jie)。

液態鋰(li)電(dian)池：電(dian)芯在制造過程中不含(han)有(you)固(gu)體電(dian)解質(zhi)，只含(han)有(you)液體電(dian)解質(zhi)的鋰(li)電(dian)池，包括(kuo)液態鋰(li)離子電(dian)池和液態金屬鋰(li)電(dian)池。

凝(ning)(ning)膠電解(jie)(jie)質鋰電池：電芯中液態(tai)電解(jie)(jie)質以凝(ning)(ning)膠電解(jie)(jie)質形(xing)式存(cun)在(zai)，電芯中不含固體電解(jie)(jie)質，這實際屬于(yu)液態(tai)鋰離子(zi)電池范疇(chou)。

半(ban)固態鋰電(dian)池：電(dian)芯電(dian)解(jie)質相中(zhong)，質量(liang)或(huo)體(ti)(ti)積的(de)一(yi)半(ban)是(shi)固體(ti)(ti)電(dian)解(jie)質，另(ling)一(yi)半(ban)是(shi)液體(ti)(ti)電(dian)解(jie)質；或(huo)者(zhe)電(dian)芯中(zhong)一(yi)端電(dian)極是(shi)全固態，另(ling)一(yi)端電(dian)極中(zhong)含有(you)液體(ti)(ti)。

準固(gu)態鋰電(dian)池：電(dian)芯的電(dian)解質(zhi)中含有一定的固(gu)體(ti)電(dian)解質(zhi)和液體(ti)電(dian)解質(zhi)，液體(ti)電(dian)解質(zhi)的質(zhi)量或體(ti)積小于(yu)固(gu)體(ti)電(dian)解質(zhi)的比(bi)例。

固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)態鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)中(zhong)含有較高質(zhi)量(liang)或體積比(bi)的固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)，同(tong)時(shi)含有少量(liang)液(ye)(ye)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，被一些研究人(ren)員稱之為“固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)態鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)”，但這(zhe)實際上不(bu)是全固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)態鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。混(hun)合(he)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)液(ye)(ye)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)中(zhong)同(tong)時(shi)存在固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)和液(ye)(ye)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)。包括前(qian)述半(ban)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)態、準固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)態、固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)態鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)等均(jun)為混(hun)合(he)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)液(ye)(ye)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的一種。由于不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)人(ren)為根(gen)據固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)液(ye)(ye)比(bi)例分類(lei)，也不(bu)會(hui)產生歧(qi)義，推薦使(shi)用這(zhe)一術(shu)語，也可(ke)以稱為“混(hun)合(he)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)液(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)”。

全(quan)固(gu)(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)由固(gu)(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極和固(gu)(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)材料構成，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)在工(gong)作溫度范圍內，不含有任何質(zhi)量及(ji)體積分(fen)數(shu)的液體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)，也可(ke)稱為(wei)(wei)“全(quan)固(gu)(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)”。能夠充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環的可(ke)進一步稱為(wei)(wei)“全(quan)固(gu)(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)鋰(li)二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)”或“全(quan)固(gu)(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)鋰(li)二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)”。

總(zong)結而言(yan)，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)解質不(bu)同(tong)可以(yi)分為液(ye)態(tai)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，混(hun)合固(gu)液(ye)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和全固(gu)態(tai)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)三大類。根據(ju)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)的不(bu)同(tong)可以(yi)分為負(fu)極(ji)(ji)為金屬(shu)鋰(li)的金屬(shu)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，負(fu)極(ji)(ji)不(bu)含(han)金屬(shu)鋰(li)的鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。