鋰電池的充電時間和使用壽命一直是電動汽車運用的瓶頸，傳統的快充技術在極化電壓過大會縮短會縮短鋰離子電池的使用壽命，而脈沖充電可以減輕極化電壓堆積的影響。什么是鋰電池脈沖充電呢？據不完全統計脈沖充電分為：負脈沖、正脈沖、正負脈沖。脈沖充電可以選用幅值和占空比可調的脈沖電流進行充電。正脈沖充電如下圖所示，充一段、放置一段，如此循環下去。在充電進程加入放置可以對歐姆極化和電化學極化進行一定程度的消除，但是對濃差極化消除效果有限。

為(wei)了處理這個問題，可(ke)以選用正負脈沖(chong)(chong)辦法(fa)，在正脈沖(chong)(chong)充電后加入(ru)放電脈沖(chong)(chong)，運用放電脈沖(chong)(chong)和放置(zhi)來增強去極化效(xiao)果。

脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)首要包含三個(ge)階段(duan)：預充(chong)(chong)(chong)、恒(heng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)和(he)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。與(yu)常規(gui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)辦(ban)法(fa)比較，脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)能以較大的電(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，在停充(chong)(chong)(chong)期電(dian)池的濃差極(ji)化和(he)歐姆極(ji)化會被(bei)消(xiao)除(chu)，使下(xia)一(yi)輪的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)愈加(jia)順利(li)地進行(xing)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)速度(du)快、溫(wen)度(du)的變(bian)化小(xiao)、對電(dian)池壽(shou)數影(ying)響小(xiao)，因(yin)而現在被(bei)廣泛(fan)運(yun)用。但其缺陷很明顯(xian)：需求一(yi)個(ge)有(you)限流功能的電(dian)源，這增加(jia)了脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)辦(ban)法(fa)的成本。

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈沖(chong)作(zuo)業模式下，更簡單(dan)使得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液中(zhong)的(de)鋰(li)鹽(yan)LiPF6分解為(wei)LiF，LiF的(de)存在使得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)離子分散阻(zu)抗和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)交(jiao)換阻(zu)抗迅(xun)速增大，使得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)極化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)迅(xun)速升(sheng)高，超(chao)出了鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)約束電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)無法(fa)完結充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

由于鎳鎘電池在(zai)常(chang)規(gui)充(chong)電時簡單極化，常(chang)規(gui)恒(heng)壓(ya)或恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電均會使電解液(ye)繼續(xu)發(fa)生氫(qing)氧氣(qi)體，其氧氣(qi)在(zai)內(nei)部(bu)高壓(ya)效果(guo)下，浸透(tou)至負極與(yu)鎘板效果(guo)生成(cheng)CdO，形(xing)成(cheng)極板有效容(rong)量下降。脈沖充(chong)電一般選用充(chong)與(yu)放(fang)的辦(ban)法，即充(chong)5秒鐘，就放(fang)1秒鐘。

這(zhe)樣充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進程發生的(de)氧氣在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)下將大(da)部(bu)分被還原成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液。不(bu)僅約(yue)束(shu)了內部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液的(de)氣化(hua)量(liang)(liang)，而且(qie)對那(nei)些(xie)已經嚴重(zhong)極(ji)化(hua)的(de)舊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，在運用本充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)辦法充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)5-10次后，會逐步康(kang)復或接近原有容量(liang)(liang)。充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)寬度的(de)選擇應能確(que)保極(ji)板(ban)康(kang)復本來的(de)晶體結構，然后消除記憶效(xiao)應。選用放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)去極(ji)化(hua)辦法后，可以進步充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率而且(qie)答應大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

智能充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)可以(yi)針(zhen)對每一種(zhong)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)特(te)性給出不(bu)(bu)同的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)模式(shi)以(yi)及相應的(de)算(suan)法，以(yi)到達很好的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)效果，可充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)具有(you)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)性能價格(ge)比、放電(dian)電(dian)流大、壽數長等特(te)色，廣泛(fan)運用于各種(zhong)通訊設備(bei)、儀(yi)器(qi)儀(yi)表(biao)、電(dian)氣丈量(liang)設備(bei)中(zhong)。但是不(bu)(bu)同類型的(de)電(dian)池(chi)如鎳鎘電(dian)池(chi)、鎳氫電(dian)池(chi)和(he)鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)具有(you)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)特(te)性和(he)進程。

脈沖是電(dian)(dian)流的一種類(lei)型，它不同(tong)于(yu)單純(chun)的直流電(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流是脈動電(dian)(dian)流；優(you)秀的智(zhi)能充電(dian)(dian)器先用(yong)恒流對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)，接近充電(dian)(dian)結(jie)束(shu)(shu)時(shi)改用(yong)恒壓對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充滿后充電(dian)(dian)自動結(jie)束(shu)(shu)。這(zhe)樣的充電(dian)(dian)辦法，可以充得更豐滿而(er)且對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)延壽有利。

脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流用(yong)的是脈(mo)(mo)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)同樣可以做成智能(neng)型的。智能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，不僅可以控(kong)(kong)制充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，優秀(xiu)的智能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器還具有溫(wen)度(du)監控(kong)(kong)，所以找不到智能(neng)型的脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，可以直接選(xuan)用(yong)智能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器。

脈(mo)(mo)沖快充首(shou)要處理的(de)(de)是(shi)怎么快速的(de)(de)減小(xiao)極(ji)化效果，使得充電功率得到進(jin)步，然后到達以(yi)(yi)(yi)較(jiao)快速度到達充滿電的(de)(de)意圖，脈(mo)(mo)沖充電辦法(fa)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)在不獻身(shen)(shen)鋰(li)電池壽數的(de)(de)情況下進(jin)步充電速度。為了可以(yi)(yi)(yi)更(geng)好的(de)(de)確認脈(mo)(mo)沖的(de)(de)幅值(zhi)和寬度，進(jin)步速度和功率，對(dui)于鋰(li)電池自(zi)身(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)極(ji)化特性需(xu)求有較(jiao)好的(de)(de)掌握，這(zhe)樣才(cai)能規劃出合適的(de)(de)充電戰略。