太陽能蓄(xu)電池如果按(an)照正常的使用(yong)(yong)，按(an)每天充(chong)電一次的話，大約三年。如果配(pei)套使用(yong)(yong)充(chong)電平衡器(qi)，大約達到5年。

太陽能蓄電池是‘蓄電池’在太陽能光伏發電中的應用，目前采用的有鉛酸免維護蓄電池、普通鉛酸蓄電池，膠體蓄電(dian)池(chi)和(he)堿性(xing)鎳鎘(ge)蓄電(dian)池(chi)四(si)種(zhong)。國內目(mu)前被(bei)廣泛使用的(de)太陽(yang)(yang)能蓄電(dian)池(chi)主要是：鉛酸免(mian)維(wei)護蓄電(dian)池(chi)和(he)膠體蓄電(dian)池(chi)，這兩(liang)類蓄電(dian)池(chi)，因為其(qi)固有的(de)“免(mian)”維(wei)護特性(xing)及(ji)對環境(jing)較少污染的(de)特點，很適合用于性(xing)能可靠的(de)太陽(yang)(yang)能電(dian)源系統(tong),特別(bie)是無人值(zhi)守的(de)工作(zuo)站(zhan)。

普(pu)通鉛酸蓄電池由于需要經常維護及其環境污染較大,所以主要適于有維護能力或低檔場合使用(yong)。

堿性(xing)鎳鎘蓄電池(chi)雖然有(you)較(jiao)好的(de)低(di)溫、過充(chong)、過放性(xing)能(neng),但由于(yu)其價格較(jiao)高,僅適用于(yu)較(jiao)為特殊(shu)的(de)場合。

隨(sui)著太陽能光伏(fu)發(fa)電系(xi)統的廣泛使(shi)用,作為(wei)與其配套(tao)的蓄電池也越來越受到人(ren)們的關(guan)注。

太陽能(neng)蓄電池的(de)工作原理

白天(tian)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)光照射到(dao)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)組件(jian)上(shang)，使太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組件(jian)產(chan)生一定幅度的直流電(dian)(dian)壓，把光能(neng)(neng)轉換為電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，再傳(chuan)送給(gei)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)，經過(guo)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)的過(guo)充保(bao)護，將太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)組件(jian)傳(chuan)來的電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)輸送給(gei)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行儲存;而儲存就需要(yao)有(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，所謂蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)即是貯(zhu)存化學能(neng)(neng)量，于必(bi)要(yao)時放出電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的一種電(dian)(dian)氣化學設備(bei)。

構成鉛(qian)蓄電池之(zhi)主要成份如下：

陽極板(過氧化鉛.PbO2)—>活性物質(zhi)

陰極板(海綿狀鉛.Pb)—>活性物質

電解液(ye)(稀硫(liu)酸)—>硫(liu)酸(H2SO4)+水(H2O)

電池外殼

隔離板

其(qi)它(ta)(液口栓.蓋(gai)子等)

太陽能蓄電池的使用和(he)維護

(1)工作適宜(yi)溫度15～20℃

(2)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)聯接的方(fang)法(fa)為：將(jiang)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的正(zheng)極(ji)與(yu)(yu)正(zheng)極(ji)、負極(ji)與(yu)(yu)負極(ji)聯接。這樣太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)就會增加一倍，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與(yu)(yu)一塊太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓一樣。太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)兩極(ji)柱切(qie)不可短路(碰頭)。

(3)對(dui)于新安裝或整(zheng)修后(hou)第一次(ci)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)太陽(yang)(yang)能蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，進(jin)行一次(ci)較長時(shi)間的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，為初(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，應(ying)按額定容(rong)量(liang)1/10的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)來進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。安裝前必須測量(liang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是否充(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)不足(zu)(zu)，請在(zai)陽(yang)(yang)光充(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)地方對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行8—16小時(shi)以(yi)上充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或者用(yong)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)先(xian)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)，應(ying)嚴格避免過(guo)放充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。用(yong)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正(zheng)常充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，最好采用(yong)分級充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，即在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初(chu)期用(yong)較大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)恒流(liu)(liu)均充(chong)(chong)，充(chong)(chong)到均充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓并恒壓一定時(shi)間后(hou)改(gai)用(yong)常規的(de)(de)恒壓浮充(chong)(chong)方式。

(4)保持蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)本身的(de)清潔。安(an)裝好(hao)的(de)太陽(yang)能蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)極柱(zhu)應涂(tu)上凡(fan)士林(lin)，防止腐(fu)蝕(shi)極柱(zhu)。

(5)為(wei)太陽(yang)(yang)能蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)配置在(zai)線監測管理技術，對太陽(yang)(yang)能蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)進行內阻(zu)在(zai)線測量(liang)與(yu)分析，及時發現蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)缺陷(xian)，及時進行維(wei)護。

(6)冬季(ji)預防太陽能蓄電池凍裂，夏季(ji)避免陽光直曬，應(ying)將太陽能蓄電池放于(yu)通風陰冷處。

太陽(yang)能(neng)作為一種新型清(qing)潔能(neng)源備受環保人(ren)士(shi)的(de)推崇(chong)，但“月有(you)(you)陰晴圓缺(que)，天有(you)(you)刮(gua)風(feng)下雨”，在沒有(you)(you)太陽(yang)時(shi)，又(you)該怎么辦呢?太陽(yang)能(neng)蓄電池就(jiu)是(shi)為了這種情(qing)況(kuang)而存在的(de)。

光伏離網發(fa)電系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)利用光電效應原(yuan)理將(jiang)太(tai)陽能(neng)轉(zhuan)換為電能(neng)的發(fa)電系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，通常由(you)太(tai)陽能(neng)電池組件、控制器、蓄電池組、直流/交流逆(ni)變器等(deng)組成。

計(ji)劃，太陽能電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)件的(de)作(zuo)用是將(jiang)太陽能轉(zhuan)化為(wei)電(dian)能，供給(gei)負(fu)載工作(zuo)或給(gei)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)充電(dian);控制器的(de)作(zuo)用是對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)的(de)充放電(dian)進行保(bao)護(hu);蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)用于存(cun)儲(chu)電(dian)能;逆變(bian)器的(de)作(zuo)用是將(jiang)直流電(dian)變(bian)換為(wei)交流電(dian)。在(zai)夜(ye)晚或陰雨天，太陽電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)件無法工作(zuo)時，由蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)給(gei)負(fu)載工作(zuo)。

蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)工作方(fang)式可分為循環(huan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)浮(fu)充(chong)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)兩種。經常處于(yu)頻繁的(de)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工作狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)，即循環(huan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong);經常處于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)則為浮(fu)充(chong)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，能(neng)彌補蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)因自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)造成(cheng)的(de)容量(liang)損失。光伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統用(yong)(yong)(yong)VRLA蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)屬(shu)于(yu)循環(huan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)式。

太(tai)陽能蓄電(dian)池應該(gai)具備以下特(te)性：

1、長壽命(ming)，特殊的(de)工藝設計和(he)膠體(ti)電(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)保證(zheng)的(de)長壽命(ming)電(dian)池。

2、比較好的(de)深循環(huan)能力，有(you)著很好的(de)過充和過放能力。

3、適用不同(tong)的(de)環境要(yao)求，如(ru)高海拔，高溫(wen)(wen)，低溫(wen)(wen)等不同(tong)的(de)條件下都能正常使(shi)用的(de)電池。