通(tong)過對UPS維修工作中各(ge)種故障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)統(tong)計可以(yi)得出這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)結論(lun)：后備式IPS電(dian)源，由電(dian)引(yin)發的(de)(de)故障(zhang)(zhang)超(chao)過了總(zong)故障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)50%。在線式UPS電(dian)源，因(yin)為(wei)它的(de)(de)電(dian)路設計合(he)理，驅動功率元件容量所取(qu)的(de)(de)余量大，因(yin)而(er)電(dian)源電(dian)路故障(zhang)(zhang)率很低(di)，相(xiang)比之下(xia)，由電(dian)池組所引(yin)發的(de)(de)故障(zhang)(zhang)率上升至60%以(yi)上。

可見(jian)，正確地使(shi)用和維護好電池是延長電池組(zu)壽命、降低(di)UPS電源(yuan)總故(gu)障率的關鍵因素之(zhi)一。

1、定(ding)期檢(jian)查

定期檢(jian)查各(ge)單(dan)元電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和內阻(zu)(zu)(zu)。對12V單(dan)元電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池來說，在檢(jian)查中(zhong)如(ru)果發(fa)現各(ge)單(dan)元電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池間(jian)(jian)的端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差(cha)超過(guo)0.4V以上(shang)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)他的內阻(zu)(zu)(zu)超過(guo)80mQ以上(shang)時(shi)，應該對各(ge)單(dan)元電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行均衡充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，以恢復(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的內阻(zu)(zu)(zu)和消(xiao)除各(ge)單(dan)元電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池之間(jian)(jian)的端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不平(ping)衡。均衡充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)取13.5~13.8V即可(ke)。經過(guo)良(liang)好均衡充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)處理的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池絕大多數都可(ke)將其內阻(zu)(zu)(zu)恢復(fu)到30mQ以下(xia)。

PS電源在運(yun)行過程(cheng)中(zhong)，由于各單元電池(chi)特(te)性隨時(shi)間變(bian)化而產生的(de)(de)上述不(bu)均(jun)性是不(bu)可能再依靠UPS電源內部的(de)(de)充電回路(lu)來消(xiao)除的(de)(de)，所以對這(zhe)種特(te)性已(yi)發生明顯不(bu)均(jun)衡性的(de)(de)電池(chi)組(zu)，若不(bu)及(ji)時(shi)采(cai)取脫機均(jun)充處(chu)理的(de)(de)話，其不(bu)均(jun)衡度就會越來越嚴重。

2、重新浮充

PS電源(yuan)停機10天以上，在重新開機之前，應在不加負載的條件下啟動UPS電源(yuan)以利用機內的充(chong)電回路重新對蓄(xu)電池(chi)浮(fu)充(chong)10~12h以上再帶載運行。

IPS電(dian)源長期處(chu)于(yu)浮(fu)充狀(zhuang)態而(er)沒有放電(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，相當于(yu)處(chu)在“儲(chu)存待用”狀(zhuang)態。如果這種狀(zhuang)態持(chi)續的時間(jian)過(guo)(guo)長，造成(cheng)蓄電(dian)池因(yin)“儲(chu)存過(guo)(guo)久”而(er)失效報廢，它主要表現為(wei)電(dian)池內阻增(zeng)大，嚴重(zhong)時內阻可達幾Q。

我們發現：在室溫(wen)(wen)20℃下，存儲1個月(yue)后，電(dian)池可(ke)供使(shi)用的(de)容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)其額(e)定值的(de)97%左右，如果(guo)儲存6個月(yue)不用，它的(de)可(ke)使(shi)用容(rong)量(liang)變為(wei)額(e)定容(rong)量(liang)的(de)80%。如果(guo)儲存溫(wen)(wen)度(du)升高，它的(de)可(ke)使(shi)用容(rong)量(liang)還會(hui)降(jiang)低。

因(yin)此建議用戶最好每隔20°C個月有意地(di)拔掉(diao)市電(dian)輸入，讓UPS電(dian)源工作于由蓄電(dian)池向逆(ni)變器提供能(neng)量(liang)的(de)狀態。但這(zhe)種操作不宜時間過長，在負(fu)載(zai)為(wei)額定輸出的(de)30%左右時，約(yue)放電(dian)10min即可。

3、減少深度(du)放(fang)電

電他的使用壽命與它被放電的深度密切相關。UPS電源所帶的負載越輕，市電供電中斷時，蓄電他的可供使用容量與其額定容量的比值越大，在此情況下，當UPS電源因電池電壓過低而自動關機時電池被放電的深度就比較深。

實際(ji)過(guo)程如何減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池被(bei)深度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的事情發生呢？方法很(hen)簡單：當UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源處于市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)斷，改由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池向逆變(bian)器供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)時(shi)，絕大多數UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源都會以(yi)間隙4s左右響一(yi)次的周期(qi)性報(bao)警(jing)聲，通知(zhi)用戶現(xian)在是由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池提(ti)供(gong)能量。當聽到報(bao)警(jing)聲變(bian)急促時(shi)，就(jiu)說明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源已處于深度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，應(ying)(ying)立(li)即進行應(ying)(ying)急處理，關(guan)閉UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。不(bu)是迫不(bu)得(de)以(yi)，一(yi)般不(bu)要讓(rang)IPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源一(yi)直(zhi)工(gong)作到因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)低而自(zi)動關(guan)機才結束。

4、利用供(gong)電(dian)高峰(feng)充(chong)電(dian)

對于(yu)PS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源長期(qi)處于(yu)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或頻繁(fan)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)用戶(hu)來(lai)說，為防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池因長期(qi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足(zu)而過早損壞，應充(chong)分利用供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高峰（如深夜時(shi)間）對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以保(bao)證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在每次(ci)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之后(hou)有(you)足(zu)夠的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。一般電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池被深度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)額(e)定容量的(de)90%至(zhi)少需(xu)要10~12h左右。

5、注意充電器的選(xuan)用

IPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)用的(de)免維護密(mi)封電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不能用可(ke)控硅式的(de)“快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)”進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這是因(yin)為(wei)這種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)會造(zao)成蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)同時(shi)處于既“瞬(shun)時(shi)過流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”又“瞬(shun)時(shi)過壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)惡劣充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態。這種(zhong)狀態會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)供使用容(rong)量大(da)大(da)下降，嚴重(zhong)時(shi)會使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)報廢(fei)。在(zai)采用恒(heng)壓(ya)截止型充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路的(de)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時(shi)，注意(yi)不要(yao)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過低保護工作點調(diao)得過低，否則(ze)，在(zai)它充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期(qi)容(rong)易產生過流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

當然，最好選用既具(ju)有恒流，又有恒壓的充電(dian)器(qi)對其進行充電(dian)。

6、保(bao)證電源環(huan)境溫度

電(dian)池可(ke)供(gong)使用(yong)的容量與環境(jing)溫(wen)度密(mi)切相關。一般情況下，電(dian)池的性能(neng)參數都是室溫(wen)為20℃條件下標定(ding)的，當(dang)溫(wen)度低于20℃時，蓄電(dian)他的可(ke)供(gong)使用(yong)容量將會減少，而溫(wen)度高于20℃

時(shi)，其可(ke)(ke)供(gong)使(shi)用的容(rong)量會略(lve)有增(zeng)加。不同廠家不同型(xing)號的電(dian)池受(shou)溫(wen)度(du)影響的程度(du)不同。據(ju)統計，在-20℃時(shi)，蓄電(dian)池可(ke)(ke)供(gong)使(shi)用容(rong)量只能達到(dao)標(biao)稱容(rong)量的60%左右。可(ke)(ke)見溫(wen)度(du)的影響不可(ke)(ke)忽視。

當然，要(yao)延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的使(shi)用壽命(ming)不(bu)但在維護使(shi)用上要(yao)注意，而且在選擇時就應(ying)充(chong)分考慮(lv)負載(zai)特性(xing)(xing)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻性(xing)(xing)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)性(xing)(xing)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容性(xing)(xing)）及大校不(bu)要(yao)長(chang)期使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)處于過度輕載(zai)運行，以免電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流過小(xiao)導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)報廢。