1.蓄電池串聯混用

在蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)中，有(you)時(shi)會(hui)出現新(xin)、舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)串(chuan)聯使(shi)用(yong)的(de)現象，殊不知，這種(zhong)做法會(hui)縮短(duan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命。因為新(xin)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)的(de)化學(xue)反(fan)應物質較(jiao)多(duo)，端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較(jiao)高，內(nei)阻較(jiao)小（12V新(xin)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻只(zhi)有(you)0.015-0.018Q）；而舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較(jiao)低，內(nei)阻較(jiao)大(da)（12V舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)內(nei)阻在0.085Q以上）。如果(guo)將新(xin)、舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)串(chuan)聯混(hun)用(yong)，那么(me)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下，舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)兩端(duan)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓將高于新(xin)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)兩端(duan)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，結果(guo)造成(cheng)新(xin)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)尚(shang)未充(chong)足而舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)早已過(guo)(guo)高：在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下，由于新(xin)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量比舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量大(da)，結果(guo)造成(cheng)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)(guo)量放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，甚至造成(cheng)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)反(fan)極。因此對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)決不能(neng)新(xin)、舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)混(hun)用(yong)。

另外，不(bu)同電(dian)荷容量(liang)(liang)的(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)也不(bu)能(neng)串聯混用，因為兩種電(dian)荷容量(liang)(liang)不(bu)同的(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)串聯使用時，往往會使電(dian)荷容量(liang)(liang)小的(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)過量(liang)(liang)充電(dian)或放(fang)電(dian)，縮短其使用壽命。

2.忽視疏通通氣孔

蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)會(hui)產生(sheng)氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)氧氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，尤其在(zai)過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，水被電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)而產生(sheng)大量的(de)氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)氧氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)加液孔(kong)(kong)蓋上的(de)通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)就(jiu)是用來散(san)發這些氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體的(de)。平時如(ru)果忽視通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)疏通(tong)，造(zao)成通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)阻塞(sai)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)化學反應時產生(sheng)的(de)熱量和(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體無法散(san)發，會(hui)使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部溫度(du)和(he)壓力不斷升高，最終導(dao)致蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)爆炸。因(yin)此在(zai)日常維護中(zhong)應注意疏通(tong)通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)，防止臟物堵塞(sai)通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)。

4.電解液密度“寧大勿小”

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)密(mi)度(du)(du)作為衡量(liang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)程(cheng)度(du)(du)的(de)一個(ge)重(zhong)要標志，是(shi)以(yi)(yi)原始(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)密(mi)度(du)(du)已經確定為前提(ti)的(de)，補加(jia)不(bu)同密(mi)度(du)(du)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)，只意味著提(ti)高(gao)原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)密(mi)度(du)(du)，即使(shi)測(ce)得(de)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)密(mi)度(du)(du)較高(gao)也不(bu)能(neng)說明(ming)其放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)程(cheng)度(du)(du)就低(di)；提(ti)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)密(mi)度(du)(du)可(ke)提(ti)高(gao)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容(rong)量(liang)是(shi)相對(dui)而言(yan)的(de)，一方面(mian)提(ti)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)密(mi)度(du)(du)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)提(ti)高(gao)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢，使(shi)其端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容(rong)量(liang)增加(jia)，但另一方面(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)密(mi)度(du)(du)過大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)粘(zhan)度(du)(du)增加(jia)、內阻增大(da)，使(shi)其滲透能(neng)力降(jiang)低(di)，反而會(hui)使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容(rong)量(liang)下降(jiang)，而且(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)密(mi)度(du)(du)過大(da)還會(hui)造成極(ji)板(ban)硫化和(he)愿(yuan)板(ban)腐蝕等多種問題，使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)壽命降(jiang)低(di)。

5.忽視電解液液面高度的檢查

應定期檢查蓄電(dian)池電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)液(ye)(ye)(ye)面高(gao)度。若電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)數量不夠，會導致極板上部與空氣接觸(chu)而硫(liu)化，降低蓄電(dian)池的電(dian)荷容量，縮短其使(shi)用壽命。一(yi)般在(zai)冬天(tian)半個(ge)月檢查1次，夏天(tian)高(gao)溫水易蒸發，應每(mei)周檢查1次。電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)液(ye)(ye)(ye)面高(gao)度一(yi)般為高(gao)出極板防護網10mm-15mm。下限(xian)標記，所以(yi)電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)液(ye)(ye)(ye)面只要在(zai)規定范圍內即可，雖然使(shi)用中不需要添加(jia)蒸餾水，但(dan)也應結合(he)汽車定期維護檢查電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)液(ye)(ye)(ye)面高(gao)度，不符合(he)要求時應進(jin)行調整。

6.電解液液面“寧高勿低”

有些駕駛(shi)員在(zai)給蓄電(dian)池(chi)加注電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或補(bu)加蒸餾水時，對其液(ye)(ye)(ye)面高(gao)度往(wang)往(wang)采取“寧高(gao)勿低”的錯誤做(zuo)法(fa)。電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)液(ye)(ye)(ye)面過高(gao)，在(zai)車(che)輛行駛(shi)過程中，電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)很容(rong)易從通氣孔溢出而(er)腐蝕(shi)極柱(zhu)，造成極柱(zhu)接觸不良或早期損壞。聚(ju)積在(zai)蓄電(dian)池(chi)蓋(gai)上的電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)會(hui)使正、負極柱(zhu)連通而(er)構成回路，致(zhi)使蓄電(dian)池(chi)自行放(fang)電(dian)。同時電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)液(ye)(ye)(ye)面過高(gao)會(hui)造成蓄電(dian)池(chi)內部壓力(li)過大，嚴重時還會(hui)造成蓄電(dian)池(chi)爆(bao)炸。

7.隨意添加蒸餾水

在(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)日常(chang)維護中，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足時(shi)，一般應補加蒸(zheng)餾水(shui)。但有時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)減少是(shi)由于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)破(po)損出(chu)現(xian)裂縫(feng)或加液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)孔蓋扣不(bu)(bu)(bu)嚴(yan)(yan)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)泄漏而造成(cheng)的(de)(de)。而有些(xie)駕駛(shi)員往往在(zai)檢(jian)查液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面(mian)高(gao)度時(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)注意區分(fen)是(shi)因蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)破(po)損或其他原因造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)泄漏，還是(shi)正常(chang)損耗，只(zhi)要電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面(mian)一降低就(jiu)加蒸(zheng)餾水(shui)，結(jie)果造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)密度明顯降低，使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能正常(chang)工作。還有些(xie)駕駛(shi)員常(chang)常(chang)在(zai)收車(che)后添(tian)加蒸(zheng)餾水(shui)，結(jie)果所添(tian)加的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)餾水(shui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能與(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)充分(fen)混(hun)合，因而極易使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)產生(sheng)自行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或損壞蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板(ban)，在(zai)嚴(yan)(yan)寒地區還會(hui)造成(cheng)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)局部結(jie)冰現(xian)象(xiang)，影響蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命。反之，若(ruo)在(zai)出(chu)車(che)前給蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)添(tian)加蒸(zheng)餾水(shui)，由于(yu)汽車(che)在(zai)行駛(shi)中發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷給蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，可使(shi)所加的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)餾水(shui)與(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)充分(fen)混(hun)合，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性(xing)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)受影響。因此應在(zai)出(chu)車(che)前添(tian)加蒸(zheng)餾水(shui)，而不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜在(zai)收車(che)后添(tian)加蒸(zheng)餾水(shui)。

8.隨意添加電解液

經常遇到蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)用一(yi)段時(shi)(shi)間后，出現存電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)足、電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液密度(du)(du)減小或(huo)缺水的(de)(de)現象。有些人員不(bu)(bu)懂蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)技術(shu)性能(neng)，誤認(ren)為只要添加電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液就可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)其(qi)恢復(fu)工作能(neng)力(li)。殊不(bu)(bu)知，這樣會導致蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液密度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)斷升高，這不(bu)(bu)但會使(shi)其(qi)內阻(zu)增大，端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)迅速下降(jiang)(jiang)，而(er)且(qie)還會因電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液黏度(du)(du)增加，滲透能(neng)力(li)變差，使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)降(jiang)(jiang)低。在使(shi)用過(guo)程中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液密度(du)(du)減小并不(bu)(bu)是硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)消耗了，而(er)是隨著放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)進行，存電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)減小，硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)逐漸轉移到兩極(ji)板上，與(yu)活(huo)性物質生成硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液密度(du)(du)減小，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)越多電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液密度(du)(du)越小。因此當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液密度(du)(du)下降(jiang)(jiang)時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)及時(shi)(shi)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，切(qie)勿隨意(yi)添加電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液。