蓄電池維護保養方法應由維護單位指定維護人員負責對蓄電池組進行維護，并按照作業表格步驟逐步執行。那么蓄電池維護保養都有哪些保養項目和要求呢？

1、維護人員應定期(qi)對蓄電(dian)池組、直(zhi)流充電(dian)裝置(zhi)進行巡視檢查，發現問題(ti)及時處理，遇到(dao)重(zhong)大問題(ti)立即報告。

2、蓄電池(chi)專用(yong)(yong)的工器具及防護用(yong)(yong)品應放在蓄電池(chi)室專用(yong)(yong)檢修間，保持清潔干凈，放置(zhi)有序，保管完好，嚴禁挪作它用(yong)(yong)。

3、運行人員(yuan)按值檢查(cha)蓄電池，每月2次(ci)以(yi)上的電壓(ya)、溫度測量記錄，檢查(cha)的內容為：

4、檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電池的電壓(ya)、溫度（室溫）無故障報警，若有(you)故障報警需現(xian)場檢(jian)查(cha)電池完好，及時通(tong)知檢(jian)修(xiu)處(chu)理。

5、利(li)用紅外測溫(wen)儀進行(xing)蓄電(dian)池的測溫(wen)。

6、檢(jian)查電池外觀的完好性，蓄電池外殼應無裂紋、變形和(he)漏液。

7、蓄電(dian)池極柱、安(an)全(quan)閥周圍是否有酸霧溢出(chu)，蓄電(dian)池連接條有無腐(fu)蝕。

8、室內清(qing)潔，通風(feng)狀況良好，溫度正常。

9、直流充電(dian)裝(zhuang)置運行正常，指示正確。

10、維護人員應(ying)將各組蓄電(dian)池及直(zhi)流充電(dian)裝置列入日常巡視設備范(fan)圍(wei)，若發現直(zhi)流電(dian)源裝置異常，應(ying)及時進行(xing)處(chu)理(li)并報告。

11、維護人員每月(yue)應(ying)全面檢查記錄每組蓄(xu)電池的(de)單體(ti)電壓值，連接片有無松動和(he)腐蝕現(xian)象，殼體(ti)有無滲(shen)漏和(he)變形，極(ji)柱(zhu)與安(an)全閥(fa)周圍(wei)是(shi)否(fou)有酸霧溢(yi)出，絕緣(yuan)電阻是(shi)否(fou)下降(jiang)，蓄(xu)電池溫度(du)是(shi)否(fou)過高等，發現(xian)異常及時(shi)處理并報告。

12、蓄電池運行要求(qiu)：

13、蓄電(dian)池(chi)組浮(fu)充運(yun)行時，單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)浮(fu)充電(dian)壓控制在2.23V~2.28V的(de)范圍內，現設(she)定(ding)值為2.25V。

溫(wen)度最(zui)高(gao)不超(chao)過45癈。

14、當浮充(chong)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為2.23V2.28V時(shi)(shi)，在(zai)短時(shi)(shi)間(jian)大電流放電的情況下，電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)可降至(zhi)1.85V，但無負(fu)荷或負(fu)荷很小時(shi)(shi)，單(dan)體電池浮充(chong)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)必須為2.23V2.28V間(jian)，電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)允許短時(shi)(shi)上升至(zhi)2.5V。

15、閥控蓄(xu)電(dian)池充電(dian)方(fang)式

16、恒流限(xian)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。采用I:o電(dian)流對蓄電(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，當蓄電(dian)池(chi)組端(duan)電(dian)壓上升到(dao)（2.30~2.35）V譔限(xian)壓值時（動力段2.35?04=244.4V控制段2.35?2=122.2v），自動或手(shou)動轉為恒壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。

17、恒(heng)壓充(chong)電。在（2.302.35）V譔的恒(heng)壓充(chong)電下，I:o電流(liu)逐(zhu)漸減小(xiao)，當充(chong)電電流(liu)減小(xiao)至(zhi)0.1Iio電流(liu)并(bing)保持3小(xiao)時(shi)不(bu)變時(shi)，充(chong)電裝(zhuang)置將自動或手動轉(zhuan)為正常(chang)的浮充(chong)電運行，浮充(chong)電壓值控(kong)制(zhi)在2.23~2.28）v譔（動力段(duan)2.25?04=234V控(kong)制(zhi)段(duan)2.25?2=117V）。

18、補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。為彌補運行中因(yin)浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)流調整不當造成的欠充(chong)(chong)，根據需要(yao)設定時間（一般為3個月）手動進行一次(ci)恒(heng)流限壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)一一恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)一一浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程。

19、閥控蓄電池的(de)核對性(xing)放(fang)電：

長期使用限壓(ya)(ya)限流的(de)浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)或只限壓(ya)(ya)不限流的(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)方(fang)式(shi)，無法判斷閥控蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)現有容量，內部是(shi)否失水或干(gan)裂。必須(xu)定期進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)核(he)(he)對(dui)性(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，才能找出蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)存在的(de)問題(ti)。新(xin)安裝或大(da)修(xiu)后(hou)(hou)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組，應進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)全核(he)(he)對(dui)性(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)驗(yan)，以后(hou)(hou)每(mei)隔23年(nian)(nian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)一次全核(he)(he)對(dui)性(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)驗(yan)，運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了6年(nian)(nian)以后(hou)(hou)的(de)閥控蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，應每(mei)年(nian)(nian)作一次核(he)(he)對(dui)性(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)驗(yan)。

進(jin)行蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)全核對性(xing)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試驗(yan)時(shi)，對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)用I:o 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流恒流放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)中(zhong)有一個(ge)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)至1.80V時(shi)，中(zhong)止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并進(jin)行記錄。在蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)核對性(xing)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)應注意：

20、蓄(xu)電(dian)池放(fang)(fang)電(dian)采(cai)用放(fang)(fang)電(dian)儀，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)儀與蓄(xu)電(dian)池采(cai)用線(xian)耳(er)螺栓固定連接，不(bu)得用夾子連接，保證連接可靠。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流參照蓄(xu)電(dian)池參數表。

21、蓄電池組充放(fang)電試驗前，應逐個認真檢查所有連(lian)接條的連(lian)接是(shi)否(fou)緊固。

23、蓄電池組充放(fang)電試驗現場應安排專人監(jian)視，并配備(bei)足夠的消防器材。

24、蓄電(dian)池放電(dian)時，一(yi)定要退出直(zhi)流(liu)系(xi)統，單獨放電(dian)，讓相鄰的直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)池組(zu)帶本(ben)組(zu)負(fu)荷。

25、放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前應測量(liang)整(zheng)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度等，并做記錄。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中注意，任何(he)一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不允許低于(yu)1.80V，防止(zhi)過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始后(hou)，每小時測量(liang)一次環境溫(wen)度、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)外殼及極(ji)柱(zhu)溫(wen)度、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間，并做記錄，發現個別電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下降(jiang)太快，過早降(jiang)至1.80V，應中止(zhi)核對性放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試驗，退出間題蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)繼續放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

26、核對(dui)性(xing)放(fang)電試驗(yan)主要(yao)為(wei)檢驗(yan)整組蓄電池(chi)(chi)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)及(ji)蓄電池(chi)(chi)存在的(de)問題，同時(shi)通過(guo)核對(dui)性(xing)放(fang)電也能(neng)使(shi)蓄電池(chi)(chi)組的(de)容量(liang)得到恢復；若經(jing)過(guo)23次全核對(dui)性(xing)放(fang)電，蓄電池(chi)(chi)組的(de)容量(liang)均達(da)不到額定容量(liang)的(de)80%以上(shang)，可認為(wei)此(ci)組蓄電池(chi)(chi)已(yi)失效，從設備安全性(xing)方(fang)面考慮，應安排更(geng)換。

27、核(he)對(dui)性放電(dian)結束后，靜置1~2小時，即進行回(hui)充(chong)電(dian)，采用(yong)恒流限壓充(chong)電(dian)一一恒壓充(chong)電(dian)一一浮充(chong)電(dian)方式進行。

28、核對性放電過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)應注意人身、設備安全。

29、每次核對性(xing)放(fang)電(dian)試(shi)驗(yan)結束后，試(shi)驗(yan)人員按附錄(lu)A記錄(lu)相關數據(ju)，按附錄(lu)B填寫試(shi)驗(yan)報告，辦理相關驗(yan)收(shou)手續。

30、蓄電池檢查：

對蓄電池(chi)進行適當的維護(hu)檢查(cha)能延長電池(chi)的壽命，并有助于確定(ding)其容量是否滿足設計要求，蓄電池(chi)的維護(hu)工作(zuo)必須(xu)由具有蓄電池(chi)知(zhi)識和有安(an)全保護(hu)措施的工作(zuo)人(ren)員進行。

31、月(yue)檢(jian)

每月應(ying)對蓄電池作常規檢查和記錄如下(xia)項目：

a）測(ce)量蓄電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)端(duan)的(de)(de)總(zong)浮充電(dian)(dian)壓；b）充電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)流和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)壓；c）環境溫度、通風條件和(he)(he)監(jian)測(ce)設備；d）按下列各項檢視各單體電(dian)(dian)池：

1）單體電池的(de)完整性：極柱、連接線、電池架是(shi)否(fou)有腐蝕的(de)痕跡；

2）電池外殼、電池架是否(fou)需要(yao)進(jin)行清潔維護；

3）電(dian)池蓋完整性，并檢查單體電(dian)池是否有(you)裂紋或電(dian)解(jie)液泄(xie)漏；

4）電池(chi)外殼、電池(chi)蓋是否變形現象。

32、季檢

季檢(jian)應包含月檢(jian)的全部(bu)內容，并檢(jian)查和記(ji)錄以(yi)下項目，并進(jin)行與(yu)初始值比較：

a）單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內阻(zu)值(zhi)；（有(you)條(tiao)件時進(jin)行）b）連接條(tiao)的內阻(zu)值(zhi)；（有(you)條(tiao)件時進(jin)行）c）電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)中各單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的溫度；

6.10.3.半年(nian)檢

半年檢應包含(han)月檢和季檢的全部內容，并記錄每(mei)個單體電池的電壓。

6.10.4.年檢和初檢

年檢和初(chu)檢包(bao)含月(yue)檢、季檢、半年檢的全部(bu)內容，并檢查和記錄(lu)以下項目：

a）整組電池所(suo)有(you)單(dan)體(ti)與單(dan)體(ti)間(jian)的連(lian)接電阻(zu)；b）迭加在電池組上的波紋電流和電壓。（有(you)條件時進(jin)行(xing)）

33、特殊檢查

如(ru)果蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)組有過異(yi)常條件（如(ru)對負荷大(da)電流(liu)放電，過充或超(chao)高的環境溫度等），那么需對蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)組作一(yi)次(ci)性檢測，以確認蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)組未被損(sun)壞。檢查(cha)內容(rong)與年(nian)檢所要(yao)求(qiu)的內容(rong)一(yi)樣(yang)。

34、備用的閥(fa)控蓄電池(chi)，每3個月(yue)進(jin)行一(yi)次補充充電。

35、蓄(xu)電(dian)池組根據實際(ji)情況（如更換個(ge)別蓄(xu)電(dian)池后(hou)）可進(jin)行一次部分放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)試驗(yan)，即采用核對性放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)方法(fa)(fa)，但放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)0.5TicA，放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)中止(zhi)條件為(wei)放(fang)(fang)(fang)出額(e)定容量(liang)的30%~40%；進(jin)行回(hui)充(chong)電(dian)時采用補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)(fa)。

36、蓄電(dian)池(chi)室內(nei)通風(feng)和照(zhao)明應(ying)(ying)完(wan)好，在整個充(chong)放電(dian)過程中，通風(feng)機應(ying)(ying)投入運行，保(bao)持通風(feng)順暢，每天檢查時(shi)，應(ying)(ying)先將通風(feng)機投入運行。

37、在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)室(shi)內嚴禁點火或(huo)吸煙，嚴禁安裝可能發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)火花的電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐。在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)室(shi)入口，應用大(da)字標明“蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)室(shi)”、“嚴禁煙火”等字樣。并(bing)配備符合(he)有關(guan)要求的消防器(qi)材。

38、運行(xing)中的蓄電池組及(ji)直流充電裝置(zhi)，應每(mei)年(nian)進行(xing)一次有系統的全面(mian)檢查(cha)和必(bi)要的維護工作。備(bei)用直流充電裝置(zhi)應處于良好備(bei)用狀態。

39、免維護蓄電池在維護過程中應同時加強對直流電源裝置(zhi)(zhi)的維護，重點(dian)檢(jian)查直流電源裝置(zhi)(zhi)、絕緣監(jian)測(ce)裝置(zhi)(zhi)在自動(dong)和(he)手動(dong)位置(zhi)(zhi)應運行良(liang)好，充電器各輸出(chu)值是(shi)否符合標準，指示是(shi)否正確，發現(xian)異常(chang)應及(ji)時進行檢(jian)修處理(li)，并作(zuo)記錄。