鋰離(li)子電池(chi)與鉛酸(suan)蓄電池(chi)由于其(qi)本身使用的化學原(yuan)材料不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，導致(zhi)其(qi)充(chong)放電大(da)小能力(li)方(fang)面(mian)和(he)充(chong)放電電平臺等方(fang)面(mian)都(dou)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，所(suo)以鋰離(li)子電池(chi)與鉛酸(suan)蓄電池(chi)的充(chong)電方(fang)法會有(you)很多的不(bu)同(tong)(tong)。

鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)與鉛酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)辦法是不相同的，鉛酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)皮(pi)實耐用(yong)，對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)要(yao)求(qiu)不高，在扛過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力方面(mian)(mian)要(yao)比鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)要(yao)好(hao)，偶爾一次過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過放(fang)點也不會導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)損壞(huai)。12V的鉛酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不超(chao)過15V就可以(yi)，而在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)方面(mian)(mian)一般都(dou)是恒流(liu)(liu)且(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不能多大(da)。也不要(yao)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器結(jie)構(gou)也很(hen)簡單基本上就就是一個直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，因此(ci)恒壓(ya)(14.5V)限流(liu)(liu)(0.1-0.4C)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)就可以(yi)為鉛酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

因為鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電池(chi)使(shi)用的化學原(yuan)材料反應相對活躍和(he)激烈，導(dao)致材料結構比較嬌貴(gui)，過(guo)充電過(guo)放電都會導(dao)致電池(chi)立刻損(sun)壞，所以鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電池(chi)幾乎都配備保護電路，保護電路與鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電池(chi)封裝在一起。

雖然配有保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，但(dan)是(shi)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)依(yi)然要恒(heng)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓上(shang)升到4.2V(涓(juan)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閾值(zhi))時則轉為恒(heng)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

例如為一節容量(liang)為2200ma的18650鋰離子電池充電，充電電流(liu)選0.2C為440ma。則充電電流(liu)設定(ding)為440ma。恒壓設定(ding)在4.2V。

鋰離子電池和鉛酸電瓶，充電辦法有什么差別？

1、鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)適配(pei)的充(chong)電(dian)器，執行的是(shi)恒(heng)流(liu)恒(heng)壓，因(yin)為(wei)鋰(li)電(dian)的內阻小(xiao)，在設計充(chong)電(dian)器的標準上首先(xian)確保恒(heng)流(liu)，不(bu)管鋰(li)電(dian)缺電(dian)到什(shen)么低電(dian)量，充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)只能輸出標稱的（比如1A），這就是(shi)恒(heng)流(liu)的限制。這種手機充(chong)電(dian)器的特(te)殊(shu)在確保恒(heng)流(liu)時(shi)還要(yao)確保電(dian)壓高于(yu)4．2v、如低了形不(bu)成電(dian)流(liu)。

鋰電(dian)在充電(dian)中(zhong)會隨(sui)著電(dian)量(liang)的逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)上升而電(dian)流(liu)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)減小，電(dian)壓反逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)回升，最后達標準4．2v時會自動截止。

因為(wei)鋰電比較嬌貴，非得講究(jiu)對保護板的技術含量，馬虎(hu)不得，倘若超1％向上持(chi)續充(chong)電會出現鼓包(bao)等(deng)事(shi)故的，所以對充(chong)電器要(yao)講究(jiu)原廠適配，不可亂混用(yong)充(chong)電器。

2、鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池就沒有鋰電(dian)(dian)那么金(jin)貴，比如(ru)說你隨(sui)便(bian)利(li)用變壓器用適配的一(yi)只二極管半波(bo)整(zheng)流都可(ke)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，但這不是提倡的。電(dian)(dian)動汽車隨(sui)車有適配的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，它可(ke)利(li)用脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，分三段式、恒(heng)流恒(heng)壓涓流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

為何(he)講究(jiu)30％電(dian)(dian)量向上充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，低電(dian)(dian)量充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)會恒流滿載輸電(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)時(shi)極(ji)板(ban)萌生的(de)(de)熱量最大，會使極(ji)板(ban)鉛(qian)粉脫落的(de)(de)，會使電(dian)(dian)瓶續航里程越來越短(duan)的(de)(de)。

實(shi)際上(shang)鉛電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)也(ye)近似鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)每塊12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶能分(fen)配到14．5V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，它(ta)既保(bao)證恒流又確保(bao)足夠(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，當兩側電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓相似時(shi)就出(chu)現涓流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，等充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)盒冷卻了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流也(ye)就截止了。

假如你(ni)懷疑充電結束后還(huan)會(hui)對電瓶有充電損(sun)傷，你(ni)只要(yao)在輸出端串只電流(liu)表，看轉(zhuan)綠燈后還(huan)有沒(mei)有表針動作？