鋰離子電池主要由四個主要部件組成：陰極，陽極，電解質和電池保護板。鋰離子電池的(de)每個組件都是必不可少的(de)，因(yin)為當缺少其中一個組件時它無法正常工作。

鋰離子(zi)電池的(de)四個組成部分

▶陰極決(jue)定(ding)鋰離子電池的容量和電壓

鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)通過鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)化學反(fan)應發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)就是(shi)為(wei)什么鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)被插(cha)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)并且(qie)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)空間(jian)被稱為(wei)“陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”的(de)原(yuan)因。然(ran)而，由于(yu)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以元素(su)形(xing)式不穩定(ding)，鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和氧(yang)的(de)組(zu)(zu)合(he)(he)(he)，氧(yang)化鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)于(yu)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。與氧(yang)化鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)一樣介入實際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)反(fan)應的(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料稱為(wei)“活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料”。換(huan)句話(hua)說，在(zai)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中，使用(yong)氧(yang)化鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作為(wei)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料。 如果仔細觀察陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，您會發現一個薄(bo)鋁箔用(yong)于(yu)固定(ding)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)涂層(ceng)的(de)框架(jia)，使用(yong)由活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料，導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)添加劑和粘(zhan)合(he)(he)(he)劑組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)的(de)化合(he)(he)(he)物。活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料含有鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)，添加導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)添加劑以增加導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing);粘(zhan)合(he)(he)(he)劑起粘(zhan)合(he)(he)(he)的(de)作用(yong)，有助于(yu)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料和導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)添加劑在(zai)鋁基材(cai)(cai)(cai)上良好地固定(ding)。陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)確定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)方面起著重要作用(yong)，因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)容(rong)量和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)由用(yong)于(yu)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料類型決(jue)定(ding)的(de)。鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)含量越(yue)高(gao)，容(rong)量越(yue)大; 陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)差(cha)越(yue)大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)高(gao)。陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)差(cha)很小，取決(jue)于(yu)它們的(de)類型，但對于(yu)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)差(cha)通常(chang)相對較高(gao)。因此，陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)確定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)方面起著重要作用(yong)。

▶陽極通(tong)過電線發(fa)送電子(zi)

與陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)一(yi)樣，陽(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)基板也涂(tu)有活(huo)性(xing)材料。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)材料起到(dao)使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過外部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，同時允許從陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)釋放的(de)(de)(de)鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)可逆吸(xi)收/發射(she)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池正(zheng)在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，  鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)存(cun)儲(chu)在(zai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)而不是陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)中。此時，當(dang)導(dao)線將陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)連接到(dao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)（放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態）時，鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質自然地流(liu)回陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)  ，并且(qie)與鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)分離(li)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)（e-）沿著導(dao)線發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對于使(shi)(shi)用(yong)具有穩(wen)定(ding)結構的(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)石墨，并且(qie)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)基板涂(tu)覆有活(huo)性(xing)材料，導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)添(tian)加劑和粘合劑。由于石墨的(de)(de)(de)最佳品質，如結構穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)，低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應性(xing)，在(zai)儲(chu)存(cun)大(da)量(liang)鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)和價(jia)格的(de)(de)(de)條件下，該材料被認為適(shi)合用(yong)于陽(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)。

▶電解質僅允許離子移動

當解釋關于陰極和陽極時，提到鋰離子穿過電解質，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)穿過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線。這(zhe)是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中使(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)關鍵。如果(guo)離子(zi)(zi)流(liu)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)液，我們(men)不(bu)僅不(bu)能用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，還會(hui)危及安全(quan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)質(zhi)是(shi)起重(zhong)要作用(yong)的(de)(de)成(cheng)分。它用(yong)作能夠僅在(zai)陰極(ji)和陽(yang)極(ji)之間移(yi)(yi)動鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)介(jie)質(zhi)。對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)質(zhi)，主要使(shi)(shi)用(yong)具(ju)有(you)高離子(zi)(zi)傳導(dao)性的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)，使(shi)(shi)得鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)容易來回移(yi)(yi)動。 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)質(zhi)由鹽(yan)，溶(rong)劑和添加(jia)劑組成(cheng)。溶(rong)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)鹽(yan)是(shi)鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)移(yi)(yi)動的(de)(de)通道，溶(rong)劑是(shi)用(yong)于(yu)溶(rong)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)鹽(yan)的(de)(de)有(you)機液體(ti)，并(bing)且為(wei)了特定目的(de)(de)添加(jia)少量(liang)添加(jia)劑。 以這(zhe)種方式產生的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)質(zhi)僅允許(xu)離子(zi)(zi)移(yi)(yi)動到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)并(bing)且不(bu)允許(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)通過。另外(wai)，鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)移(yi)(yi)動速度取決于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)質(zhi)類型。因此(ci)，只能使(shi)(shi)用(yong)滿足嚴格條件的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)質(zhi)。

▶保護板(ban)，陰極和陽極之(zhi)間的絕(jue)對屏障

雖然陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)決定了電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的基本性(xing)能，但電(dian)(dian)解質和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)護板(ban)決定了電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的安全性(xing)。  隔板(ban)用作物理屏障，保(bao)持陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)分開。它(ta)可以防止電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)直接流動，并(bing)且只能讓離子(zi)(zi)通過內部微孔。因此，它(ta)必須滿足所有物理和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)條件(jian)。

到目(mu)前為止，我們已經研究(jiu)了(le)決定鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池性能的(de)四(si)個(ge)主(zhu)要組(zu)成部分(fen)。目(mu)前，行業內一直(zhi)在加強新材(cai)料(liao)的(de)研發(fa)，以提(ti)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)池性能，同(tong)時不斷繼續努力(li)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)現(xian)有(you)材(cai)料(liao)和核心技(ji)術的(de)性能。通過高(gao)(gao)容量/高(gao)(gao)效率的(de)鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池創新，相(xiang)信這將(jiang)豐(feng)富全世界人類的(de)生活  。