鋰電池保護板通常包括控制IC、MOS開關及輔助器件NTC、ID存儲器等。其中控制IC，在一切正常的情況下控制MOS開關導通，使電芯與外電路溝通，而當電芯電壓或回路電流超過規定值時，它立刻控制MOS開關關斷，保護電芯的安全。

IC：控制

MOS：開關

NTC：為負(fu)溫(wen)(wen)度系數電阻（溫(wen)(wen)度越大(da)，電阻越小），對手(shou)機(ji)起保護作用。

ID：起解碼作用（識別電阻）電阻：起限流、采樣(yang)作用

電容(rong)：起(qi)瞬間穩壓作(zuo)用，濾波作(zuo)用

Fuse：熔斷或保險絲，短路時溶斷，不可恢復

Ptc：專(zhuan)業里面通常把正溫度系(xi)數(shu)器件簡稱為PTC，電(dian)池產品里PTC可以(yi)防止(zhi)電(dian)池高溫放電(dian)和不安(an)全的(de)大電(dian)流的(de)發生，根據電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流密度特性(xing)和應(ying)用環境(jing)，對(dui)PTC有專(zhuan)門(men)的(de)要求。

一、防護板組成

鋰離子電池(可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))因其(qi)自身(shen)特(te)點要保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。由(you)于鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)本(ben)身(shen)的(de)材料決定了它不能在(zai)超高(gao)溫下(xia)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、過充(chong)、短路(lu)和充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，所以鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)件總(zong)是(shi)出現一個(ge)精致的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)和一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)安全裝置。鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)功(gong)能通(tong)(tong)常是(shi)通(tong)(tong)過保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)與PTC的(de)配合來(lai)完(wan)成的(de)。該(gai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)組(zu)成，可在(zai)-40℃~+85℃范圍內(nei)實(shi)時(shi)準確監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，并可實(shi)時(shi)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)通(tong)(tong)斷。PTC防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)高(gao)溫下(xia)嚴(yan)重損壞。

保(bao)護板通(tong)常(chang)包括(kuo)控(kong)制(zhi)IC、MOS開關、電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、電(dian)(dian)容和輔助器(qi)(qi)(qi)件NTC、ID存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等。當一(yi)切正常(chang)時，控(kong)制(zhi)IC控(kong)制(zhi)MOS開關，使電(dian)(dian)池可以與外部(bu)電(dian)(dian)路通(tong)信。當電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓或電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流超過規定(ding)值時，它立即控(kong)制(zhi)MOS開關(幾(ji)十(shi)毫秒)，以保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)池的安全。NTC是負溫(wen)(wen)度(du)系數的縮寫，意(yi)思(si)是負溫(wen)(wen)度(du)系數，當環(huan)境溫(wen)(wen)度(du)升高時，其電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值下降(jiang)，利用電(dian)(dian)氣設備或充電(dian)(dian)設備及時響應(ying)，控(kong)制(zhi)內部(bu)中斷和停止充放電(dian)(dian)。ID存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)常(chang)是單(dan)線接口存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，它代表標識，存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)電(dian)(dian)池類型和生產日期等信息。限制(zhi)產品(pin)的可追(zhui)溯性和應(ying)用。

二、保護板(ban)的重要用途

一般要求在25℃~85℃時控(kong)制(IC)測試(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓控(kong)制和(he)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,正(zheng)常(chang)條(tiao)件下的(de)C-MOS開關(guan)管導通時,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)正(zheng)常(chang)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)和(he)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板,當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)超(chao)過(guo)比較電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路預設控(kong)制集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路,在15~30ms(不同(tong)的(de)控(kong)制集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路和(he)C-MOS有不同(tong)的(de)響應時間),CMOS關(guan)閉(bi)、關(guan)閉(bi)或(huo)(huo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，確保用戶和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)安全(quan)。

1.過(guo)(guo)充保護和過(guo)(guo)充保護恢復

當電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超過設定(ding)值VC(4.25-4.35V，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)取決于具體的過充保護(hu)IC)后，VD1翻轉到Cout為低電(dian)(dian)平，T1斷電(dian)(dian)，停止充電(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降至VCR(3.8-4.1V，恢復電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)取決于具體的過充保護(hu)IC)時，Cout是一(yi)個(ge)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)平，T1導通充電(dian)(dian)繼(ji)續(xu)進行，VCRVC必(bi)須小于一(yi)個(ge)固定(ding)值，以防止頻繁跳變。

2.過釋放保(bao)護(hu)和過釋放保(bao)護(hu)恢復(fu)

當放(fang)電使電池電壓(ya)降至設(she)定值VD(2.3-2.5v，具體過(guo)充電保護電壓(ya)取決于(yu)IC)時(shi)，將VD2翻轉，過(guo)一段時(shi)間后，Dout變低，T2斷開(kai)，放(fang)電停止(zhi)。當電池充電時(shi)，翻轉內部(bu)或門，再次進行T2放(fang)電。

3.過流和短路保護

當充(chong)放電電路的電流超過設定值(zhi)或發生短路時，短路檢測電路起(qi)關(guan)閉(bi)MOS管、切(qie)斷電流的用途。

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)護板的(de)功能是(shi)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)安全使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)過(guo)程中，保(bao)障安全的(de)同(tong)時，延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)。隨著許(xu)多需要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)供(gong)應(ying)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備，可充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)急(ji)劇增(zeng)(zeng)加。為確保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)確充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并優化其使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)護板或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)計系(xi)統并行增(zeng)(zeng)長。不僅跟蹤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中剩余的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，還管理(li)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)因(yin)過(guo)度充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)損壞，以及提供(gong)許(xu)多其他功能。因(yin)此，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)護板是(shi)當(dang)今許(xu)多可充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)中必不可少的(de)元件。