電池管理系統的英文縮寫是BMS，英文全稱Battery Management System。電池管理系統的功能是保護電池組的安全使用，在電池組充放電使用過程中，保障安全的同時，延長電池組的使用壽命。隨著許多需要電池供應的電子設備，可充電電池的使用量急劇增加。為確保電池正確充電并優化其使用壽命，電池管理或電量計系統并行增長。BMS電池管理系統現已完善。這些電池管理系統不僅跟蹤電池中剩余的電量，還管理充電，防止電池因過度充電而損壞，以及提供許多其他功能。因此，這些電池管理系統是當今許多可充電電池組中必不可少的元件。

BMS電池管理系統基礎知識

電(dian)池管理系統在其提供的(de)功(gong)能(neng)和(he)靈活性方面各不相同(tong)。但是，可以將(jiang)其功(gong)能(neng)分解為多(duo)個區域。每個特定系統可以根據要求(qiu)提供一(yi)些或所有不同(tong)的(de)功(gong)能(neng)區域。電池管理功能(neng)的某些方面包括：

1.監控：為了使電池管理系統能夠了解電池的狀態，它需要監控電池的各個方面。

2.計算：電池管理系統可以從通過監視電池獲得的結果推斷出電池狀態的某些方面。

3.環境管理：電池管理系統使用從監控電池獲得的結果來控制電池的環境。

4.通信：在某些應用中，電池管理系統可能需要將電池系統的各方面與電子設備內的其他元件通信，或者甚至在外部。可以存在電池管理系統的不同元件，并且還可以根據整個系統的要求包括不同級別的功能。

BMS電池管理系統監控

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)統的關鍵(jian)要素之一(yi)是(shi)監(jian)控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的狀態。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)監(jian)控(kong)提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)水平(ping)(ping)的指(zhi)示(shi)。通過(guo)了解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量水平(ping)(ping)，可以(yi)檢(jian)測設(she)備在(zai)重新充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之前可以(yi)操作的時(shi)間長度。如果(guo)需要，也(ye)可以(yi)有序關閉。使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統還可以(yi)管理充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期，在(zai)各(ge)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下提(ti)供適當的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)水平(ping)(ping)，并(bing)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)度充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之前終止(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

BMS電池管理系統計算

為了評(ping)估電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理(li)(li)所獲得的讀數(shu)，BMS電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)需要(yao)進行一定程度(du)的計算(suan)。這些使讀數(shu)能(neng)夠提供更(geng)(geng)有用的信(xin)息并提供更(geng)(geng)高(gao)的準確(que)度(du)。通過使用各(ge)種算(suan)法(fa)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)能(neng)夠確(que)定包括充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態或(huo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)以及電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的健(jian)(jian)康(kang)狀(zhuang)態的數(shu)字。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的健(jian)(jian)康(kang)狀(zhuang)態很重要(yao)，因為當使用可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或(huo)其(qi)他電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)時，其(qi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)降低，并且這需要(yao)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)計算(suan)以使其(qi)能(neng)夠知(zhi)道完全充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)水平和容(rong)(rong)量(liang)。

環境電池管理

BMS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵功能之一是管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，確保它不會(hui)過度(du)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，或者(zhe)其(qi)(qi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不會(hui)落到其(qi)(qi)運行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設備必(bi)須關(guan)閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階段，因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)在沒有警(jing)告的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下耗盡。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)應(ying)提供警(jing)告，以便能夠有序地關(guan)閉設備。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)部分將(jiang)(jiang)決定(ding)何時對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，以及接收多少(shao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)諸如(ru)鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和其(qi)(qi)他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)具有很大程度(du)上由(you)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次數(shu)(shu)決定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)(shou)命，許(xu)多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)將(jiang)(jiang)僅在需(xu)要(yao)時對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。他們將(jiang)(jiang)評(ping)估電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)，對于(yu)(yu)筆記(ji)本電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦和其(qi)(qi)他便攜式計(ji)算機等應(ying)用，他們只會(hui)在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足時為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，即(ji)使筆記(ji)本電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦連接到外部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)或線路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。通(tong)(tong)過這(zhe)樣做，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命最(zui)大化。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)還將(jiang)(jiang)跟蹤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)并指示剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)。為(wei)實(shi)現此(ci)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)必(bi)須知道(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總容量(liang)(liang)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)這(zhe)會(hui)改變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用壽(shou)(shou)命，因此(ci)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)必(bi)須更(geng)新其(qi)(qi)數(shu)(shu)據。通(tong)(tong)常這(zhe)是通(tong)(tong)過允許(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)完(wan)全充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)然后記(ji)錄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)接近其(qi)(qi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束并且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓開始下降(jiang)之前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流量(liang)(liang)和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)來(lai)完(wan)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。通(tong)(tong)過不斷(duan)更(geng)新數(shu)(shu)字，管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)將(jiang)(jiang)能夠有一個相(xiang)當準確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)字。

電池管理通訊

在某些情況下(xia)，可(ke)能(neng)需要將信息傳送(song)(song)到其他地(di)方的(de)BMS電(dian)池管(guan)理(li)系統(tong)。這(zhe)種(zhong)情況的(de)一個示(shi)例可(ke)以(yi)(yi)是在電(dian)池電(dian)量(liang)不足時使系統(tong)關閉或(huo)開啟(qi)替(ti)代(dai)電(dian)源。為了實現良好的(de)通信水平，可(ke)能(neng)需要數字接(jie)(jie)口以(yi)(yi)標準格式發送(song)(song)數據(ju)。許多電(dian)池管(guan)理(li)系統(tong)包含數字接(jie)(jie)口，并且因此能(neng)夠將關于電(dian)池的(de)信息傳送(song)(song)到各(ge)種(zhong)點。

電池的充電狀態監控

BMS電(dian)(dian)池管理系統可以監控(kong)電(dian)(dian)池的許多不同方面。每個參數給(gei)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)池狀態的不同方面的指示(shi)：

1.電壓： 電壓是最容易測量的參數之一，用于指示電池的充電狀態。該電池測量可以指示電池狀態的多個方面。特別是，有兩種狀態可以很好地表明：低電量：隨著電池電量下降且電池電量接近空，電池電壓開始下降。這是電池電量接近無的電池的良好提示。過充電：在電池充滿電的許多電池中，電壓上升。如果檢測到這種上升，則表明電池完全充電并且應停止充電是一個很好的提示。

2.電流：   雖然電流并不總是那么容易測量，但它表示已經輸入或輸出的電池電量，并且這再次表明了電池的充電狀態。這對于確定電池內的電量水平很重要。

3.溫度：   電池的工作特性可能隨溫度而變化。同樣在充電過程中，許多類型的電池在充電完成時耗散熱量。這使得溫度升高，這是確定充電過程完成的一種方法。

4.空氣流動：   在一些電池裝置中，空氣流可用于冷卻電池系統。在這些情況下，可以測量氣流。