對于在沒有指定充電器的情況下為電池充電，我們建議手動充。給電池充電是一個技術活，需要人為的看管下進行充電才是比較安全的。如果不是智能充電，我們建議手動為鉛和鋰電池充電。

一、關于對鉛酸電池充電方式

在(zai)連(lian)接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之前，根(gen)據(ju)串(chuan)聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)數計算充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，然后設(she)置所(suo)需的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流限(xian)(xian)制。要將12伏鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（六節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至2.40V的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓限(xian)(xian)制，請將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓設(she)置為14.40V（6 x 2.40）。根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)尺寸選擇(ze)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。對(dui)于鉛酸，這是額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)10％到30％。一個10Ah的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，30％的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)約為3A；百(bai)分比可以更低。80A的(de)啟動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可以在(zai)8A充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。（10％的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率等于0.1C。）

充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時還要(yao)注意電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。一(yi)定要(yao)在通風(feng)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)房間內充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。一(yi)旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)并且電(dian)(dian)(dian)流降至額定Ah的(de)(de)(de)3％，則(ze)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)完成。斷開(kai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)流已經觸底并且不(bu)能降低(di)(di)，則(ze)在16-24小時后(hou)斷開(kai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；高(gao)自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)（軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)短路）可以防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)達(da)到(dao)低(di)(di)飽和水平(ping)。不(bu)過(guo)還可以通過(guo)將(jiang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)設置為(wei)比建議值(zhi)高(gao)10％來(lai)使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源來(lai)均衡鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)時間至關重要(yao)，必須仔細觀(guan)察。電(dian)(dian)(dian)源也可以逆轉硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)。將(jiang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)設置為(wei)高(gao)于建議的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流限制調整到(dao)最低(di)(di)實(shi)際值(zhi)并觀(guan)察電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。完全硫(liu)酸化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)鉛酸可以首先吸取非常小的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，并且隨(sui)著硫(liu)酸化(hua)(hua)層溶解，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流將(jiang)逐漸(jian)增(zeng)加(jia)。升高(gao)溫度并將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放在超(chao)聲波振動器上也可能有助于該過(guo)程。如果24小時后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)接受(shou)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，則(ze)不(bu)太可能恢(hui)復。

二、關于鋰離子電池的充電方式

鋰離子電荷與鉛酸相似，我們也可以使用電源，但要特別小心。檢查完全充電電壓，通常為4.20V /電池，并相應地設置閾值。確保串聯連接的電池都沒有超過此電壓。（商用電池組中的保護電路就是這樣做的。）當電池達到4.20V /電池電壓并且電流降至額定電流的3％時，或者已經觸底并且不能進一步下降時，達到完全充電。充滿電后，請斷開電池。絕不允許電池在4.20V下停留超過幾個小時，不然的話會有爆炸的危險。
注意，并(bing)非所有鋰(li)(li)(li)離子電池(chi)都充電至4.20V /電池(chi)的(de)電壓閾值。磷酸鐵鋰(li)(li)(li)通常充電至3.65V /電池(chi)的(de)截止電壓和鈦(tai)酸鋰(li)(li)(li)至2.85V /電池(chi)。一些能量電池(chi)可(ke)以接(jie)受4.30V /電池(chi)和更高。重要的(de)是要觀察這(zhe)些電壓限(xian)制。

三、鎳鎘電池（NiCd）和鎳氫電池（NiMH）

使用電源為鎳基電池充電具有挑戰性，因為完全充電檢測的根源在于隨施加的充電電流而變化的電壓特征。如果必須使用穩壓電源為鎳鎘電池（NiCd）和鎳氫電池（NiMH）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，請使(shi)用0.3-1C快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)溫升作為(wei)充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)指示。在低電(dian)(dian)(dian)流下(xia)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，估算(suan)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量并計(ji)算(suan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。沒電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)2Ah NiMH將在750-1,000mA下(xia)在約3小時(shi)內充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。涓流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，也(ye)稱維護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，必須(xu)降(jiang)至(zhi)0.05C。