膠體電池是采用凝膠制造技術，電池內的電解液固定于硅凝膠中。電解液的固定是由于凝膠膠粒的聚合形成的硅膠空間網絡結構，以有效固定硫酸電解液，其原理類似于采用膠凍來固定硫酸電解液。在空間網絡中，硅膠是骨架支撐整個網絡，硫酸離子可在一定層面自由移動，可以保證電池化學反應的順利進行，即可以保證電池充放電的順利進行。

由于硅(gui)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)空間網絡(luo)結構中富含大量的(de)(de)硅(gui)氧(yang)化(hua)學鍵，可和硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)分(fen)子中的(de)(de)氫形成(cheng)氫鍵，由于這種(zhong)弱化(hua)學作用(yong)，硅(gui)凝(ning)膠(jiao)很(hen)容易吸附和釋放(fang)(fang)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)分(fen)子。即使(shi)(shi)電(dian)解(jie)液長(chang)期放(fang)(fang)置不(bu)動(dong)，由于這種(zhong)作用(yong)的(de)(de)存在，基(ji)本(ben)(ben)可以(yi)抵消(xiao)重力(li)的(de)(de)作用(yong)，使(shi)(shi)稀硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)電(dian)解(jie)液上下(xia)分(fen)布均(jun)勻，不(bu)易發生(sheng)分(fen)層(ceng)現象。再者，凝(ning)膠(jiao)本(ben)(ben)身(shen)的(de)(de)平均(jun)孔徑(jing)比(bi)AGM隔(ge)板的(de)(de)平均(jun)孔徑(jing)小約100倍，其凝(ning)膠(jiao)本(ben)(ben)身(shen)的(de)(de)比(bi)較面(mian)積比(bi)AGM隔(ge)板的(de)(de)比(bi)表(biao)面(mian)積大很(hen)多，其中的(de)(de)小孔或微孔能(neng)能(neng)更好的(de)(de)保持硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)電(dian)解(jie)液。在膠(jiao)體電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中，由于電(dian)解(jie)液不(bu)分(fen)層(ceng)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)極板上部和下(xia)部的(de)(de)活性物(wu)質均(jun)能(neng)充分(fen)利用(yong)，故電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)長(chang)，也可制造成(cheng)高(gao)(gao)型電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。陽光A602/3300電(dian)池(chi)(chi)高(gao)(gao)度就超過800mm。

膠體蓄電(dian)池的放(fang)電(dian)曲線平(ping)直，拐點高，其能量和功率要(yao)比(bi)常規(gui)鉛酸電(dian)池大20%以上，壽命一般也是(shi)常規(gui)鉛酸電(dian)池長一倍左右，高溫及低溫特性要(yao)好(hao)得多，同時其是(shi)密封結構(gou)，電(dian)液凝(ning)膠，無(wu)滲(shen)漏(lou)；充放(fang)電(dian)無(wu)酸霧、無(wu)污(wu)染，。

容(rong)(rong)量(liang)高，與同級鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)相比增加10-20%容(rong)(rong)量(liang)；充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接收(shou)能力強；自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)小，耐存放(fang)；過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復性能好(hao)，大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)比鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)增加30%以上(shang)；低溫性能好(hao)，滿足-30℃至-50℃起(qi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流要求；循環使用(yong)壽命長(chang)，可達到800-1500充(chong)放(fang)次；單位容(rong)(rong)量(liang)工業(ye)成(cheng)本低于(yu)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，經(jing)濟效益高。另(ling)外，膠體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液避免了液體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液冬天受(shou)冷(leng)時活(huo)性下降造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶容(rong)(rong)量(liang)和性能下降的(de)問題，可以說是不怕凍的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)；但(dan)是由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液是膠狀，散熱不足，在(zai)夏天35度以上(shang)的(de)溫度長(chang)期使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶容(rong)(rong)易(yi)出現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶過度受(shou)熱而起(qi)臌膨脹(zhang)報廢的(de)問題，普通鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)液體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液散熱性好(hao)，所以不容(rong)(rong)易(yi)出現(xian)這樣的(de)問題。

膠(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發展本身(shen)是在富(fu)(fu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上進(jin)行(xing)改進(jin)而成(cheng)。由(you)于是采用(yong)硅凝(ning)膠(jiao)固定硫(liu)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)，故膠(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)傳輸是通(tong)過凝(ning)膠(jiao)開裂產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裂縫所形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)來完成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多少(shao)不(bu)會影響(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳輸通(tong)道(dao)(dao)，故對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)沒有(you)嚴格限(xian)制，通(tong)常采用(yong)富(fu)(fu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)式設計，以確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)具有(you)更(geng)優良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)。故膠(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)多，對(dui)大密(mi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，富(fu)(fu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)量(liang)(liang)約20%，對(dui)中密(mi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，富(fu)(fu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)量(liang)(liang)約15%。膠(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)通(tong)常采用(yong)濃度低(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酸，在較(jiao)低(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酸密(mi)度下，板柵(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐蝕速率更(geng)低(di)(di)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接受能(neng)力也明顯改善(shan)，從而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)延(yan)長。其次，膠(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)由(you)于具有(you)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)越多，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱容越大，故膠(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對(dui)溫度不(bu)是很敏感。高溫對(dui)膠(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)和使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)影響(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)小(xiao)。另外(wai)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長期使用(yong)中由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏高或對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行(xing)均充或過充等維護操作，可能(neng)引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)失(shi)水，膠(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)由(you)于具有(you)更(geng)多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)，少(shao)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失(shi)水，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命(ming)影響(xiang)(xiang)較(jiao)小(xiao)，因而使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)較(jiao)長，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)穩定性較(jiao)好。

在膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)，由(you)于采用凝膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)，膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)粘度遠遠大于稀硫酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)，太緊的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)配(pei)不利于膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)進(jin)入極群內部(bu)。故(gu)極群的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)配(pei)相(xiang)對較(jiao)(jiao)松。采用的(de)(de)(de)隔板(ban)(ban)通常也為(wei)含有筋條(tiao)的(de)(de)(de)微孔塑(su)料(liao)隔板(ban)(ban)，以利于膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)進(jin)入極群及隔板(ban)(ban)內部(bu)。膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)隔板(ban)(ban)主要(yao)(yao)起隔離(li)正(zheng)負(fu)極板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)作用。膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)本身(shen)是在富液(ye)(ye)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上發展而來的(de)(de)(de)，也基本保持了原富液(ye)(ye)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)特點，對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)極群的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)配(pei)壓(ya)力沒有嚴格的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。在膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)，由(you)于對極群裝(zhuang)配(pei)要(yao)(yao)求較(jiao)(jiao)松，正(zheng)負(fu)極板(ban)(ban)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)距離(li)相(xiang)對較(jiao)(jiao)大，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)內離(li)子導電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)距離(li)要(yao)(yao)長，故(gu)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)內阻(zu)通常較(jiao)(jiao)大，更適合中(zhong)等電(dian)流(liu)和小(xiao)電(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)大電(dian)流(liu)性能相(xiang)對較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)。

膠體電池比鉛酸蓄電池成本明顯較高，主要是因為：

其(qi)一，膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)體電(dian)池生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中不但(dan)要(yao)增加配膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)設備，還需專用(yong)的灌膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)設備。由于采(cai)用(yong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)體電(dian)解質，由于膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)體電(dian)解液粘(zhan)度大，可(ke)能發生(sheng)凝膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)現象，故(gu)對生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程控制要(yao)求完全不同于鉛酸電(dian)池的生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程，工藝更復雜，技術(shu)難掌握。

其(qi)(qi)(qi)二，膠體(ti)電池(chi)采用微孔塑(su)料隔板，其(qi)(qi)(qi)要求孔率高(gao)、強(qiang)度好、厚(hou)度薄。高(gao)質量微孔隔板本身的成本較(jiao)高(gao)。對鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)而言，其(qi)(qi)(qi)隔板由超細玻(bo)璃纖維制(zhi)成，其(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)作過程相對簡單(dan)，成本較(jiao)低。

其三，膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)電池一般(ban)電解液設計余量(liang)更大。不但增加硅凝膠(jiao)材料，所需硫酸電解液量(liang)也(ye)更多。硫酸電解液和(he)硅膠(jiao)總重(zhong)量(liang)更重(zhong)，材料成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)更高(gao)(gao)。故膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)電池總體(ti)(ti)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)高(gao)(gao)。