要想知道鋰電池電壓范圍是多少，是3.7V還是4.2V，或者說更高？要想真正明白鋰電池各個電壓的含義，首先要分清楚鋰電池電芯電壓和鋰電池組電壓之間的區別，同還要了解鋰電池種類有哪些，因為不同的鋰電芯的電(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)圍(wei)也是(shi)不同的，然后再了解標稱(cheng)電(dian)壓(ya)，滿電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)和放(fang)電(dian)終止電(dian)壓(ya)的區別，這(zhe)樣才能更好的了解鋰(li)電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)圍(wei)到底是(shi)多少的問題。

1、從鋰電(dian)芯方面來了解鋰電(dian)池電(dian)壓范圍是(shi)多(duo)少

鋰(li)電(dian)芯(xin)主要(yao)分磷酸鐵鋰(li)電(dian)池電(dian)芯(xin)和聚合物鋰(li)電(dian)芯(xin)兩大類，它(ta)們(men)的(de)電(dian)芯(xin)電(dian)壓由于制造的(de)化學原材料本身的(de)特性不同，所以電(dian)芯(xin)電(dian)壓會不同，具體情(qing)況(kuang)如下(xia)：

（1）聚合物鋰電(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)(de)滿(man)(man)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)有4.2V、4.35V、4.4V，甚至有4.45V的(de)(de)(de)，一般來說(shuo)4.35V或是(shi)以上的(de)(de)(de)屬于高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)芯，能量密度比(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)，生產技術要求(qiu)比(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)，價格相對(dui)(dui)也比(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)，放電(dian)(dian)終止電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（停(ting)止放電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)）看廠家規定(ding)，一般高(gao)于3.2V。現(xian)(xian)在市場上基本是(shi)滿(man)(man)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)4.2V的(de)(de)(de)，標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)3.7V的(de)(de)(de)，終止電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)是(shi)3.2V的(de)(de)(de)，這個技術門(men)檻相對(dui)(dui)低(di)些(xie)，應用普及(ji)也比(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)，特別(bie)是(shi)現(xian)(xian)在市場上的(de)(de)(de)3C類電(dian)(dian)子產品，使用的(de)(de)(de)基本是(shi)普通的(de)(de)(de)4.2V的(de)(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

（2）磷(lin)酸(suan)鐵鋰電池的電壓范圍是(shi)2.0到3.65V

磷(lin)酸(suan)鐵鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)3.65V，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)2.0V，一般電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)廠家為了保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯使用壽命，終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會(hui)高于2.0V。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)化(hua)學材料(liao)本身的(de)特性，鐵鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)能(neng)量密度要(yao)(yao)比聚合物鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)要(yao)(yao)低，但是(shi)在安全性能(neng)方面(mian)要(yao)(yao)高些，價(jia)格成本更(geng)低些，所以現在很多新能(neng)源汽車使用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)磷(lin)酸(suan)鐵鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

（3）鈷酸鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池，電(dian)壓范(fan)圍2.6到(dao)4.2V，標稱電(dian)壓3.6V。

鈷酸鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池電(dian)芯滿電(dian)電(dian)壓是4.2V，終止放電(dian)電(dian)壓是2.6V，標稱(cheng)電(dian)壓是3.6V。

（4）鎳氫鎳鎘電池電壓(ya)范圍是1.0到1.4V，標稱電壓(ya)是1.2V。

這(zhe)里(li)需要對(dui)標稱電壓(ya)做(zuo)一個簡單的介紹，標稱電壓(ya)可以簡單的了(le)解為(wei)平均放電電壓(ya)，但是做(zuo)電池(chi)的，一般是說(shuo)放電平臺均值。

2、從電池組方面(mian)來了解鋰(li)電池電壓范圍(wei)是(shi)多少

其(qi)實(shi)我們在(zai)購買電池的(de)時候，經常會見到比4.2V等這(zhe)(zhe)些電芯電壓高的(de)電池，比如6V、12V、24V等，而在(zai)很多(duo)的(de)時候我們使用到的(de)鋰電池電壓很多(duo)都是十(shi)幾伏的(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)是怎么回事呢？

其實(shi)(shi)不(bu)管(guan)市場上電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)是(shi)多少伏，只要(yao)(yao)是(shi)6V或以(yi)上的(de)，都是(shi)通過鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)后(hou)(hou)達(da)到(dao)的(de)，至于容(rong)量的(de)大小則是(shi)通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)三大并聯(lian)(lian)(lian)方式來實(shi)(shi)現的(de)。比(bi)如我們拿一個24V電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)20000mAh容(rong)量的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)來簡單(dan)介(jie)紹一下。假如它(ta)使用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)是(shi)標稱(cheng)3.7V，滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)4.2V的(de)聚合物鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)話，單(dan)顆電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)容(rong)量是(shi)5000mAh，那么(me)它(ta)需要(yao)(yao)多少顆電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)來通過串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)和(he)并聯(lian)(lian)(lian)實(shi)(shi)現的(de)呢？24除以(yi)3.7等于6.5，那么(me)就(jiu)需要(yao)(yao)7顆電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)后(hou)(hou)才能達(da)到(dao)所需電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，然后(hou)(hou)并聯(lian)(lian)(lian)四組同樣的(de)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)組合后(hou)(hou)，才能達(da)到(dao)20000mAh的(de)容(rong)量，那么(me)一共就(jiu)需要(yao)(yao)7乘(cheng)以(yi)4等于28顆電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)。

那么(me)這樣組合成的鋰(li)電(dian)池電(dian)壓范圍是多少呢

你可能會認為：

滿電(dian)電(dian)壓是：4.2V×7=29.4V

標(biao)稱電壓(ya)是(shi)：3.7V×7=25.9V

終止(zhi)電壓是：3.2V×7=22.4V

那(nei)么這(zhe)(zhe)個組成的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范圍是(shi)不是(shi)就是(shi)22.4V～29.4V呢。其實這(zhe)(zhe)個只算是(shi)理論值而已，因(yin)(yin)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組一般是(shi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)護板(ban)的(de)，一般來(lai)說(shuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯組成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會(hui)(hui)(hui)略高，滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會(hui)(hui)(hui)略低，這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)話，這(zhe)(zhe)個鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范圍就會(hui)(hui)(hui)比理論值22.4V～29.4V要小些。可能是(shi)23V～28V這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)，但是(shi)廠家在(zai)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)護板(ban)匹配設計的(de)時候會(hui)(hui)(hui)對這(zhe)(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組限制(zhi)在(zai)安(an)全使用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范圍內，具體(ti)多少，會(hui)(hui)(hui)因(yin)(yin)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)廠家生產(chan)制(zhi)造(zao)技術水(shui)平的(de)不同會(hui)(hui)(hui)有所差(cha)異。