目前可替代鋰電池的鋁電池還處于試制階(jie)段，沒有投入商(shang)業使用。所以總的來說(shuo)鋁空(kong)氣(qi)電池是否會替代鋰電池，還是個未知數(shu)，那(nei)么我們來看看鋁空(kong)氣(qi)電池替代鋰電池會遇到哪些問題呢。

從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的續航里(li)程來說，鋁(lv)(lv)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)相比(bi)于(yu)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)來說，確(que)實(shi)是一(yi)個突破(po)。不(bu)過由于(yu)鋁(lv)(lv)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)陽極(ji)腐蝕會產生氫(qing)，這不(bu)僅會導致陽極(ji)材料的損(sun)耗，而且還(huan)會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)部的損(sun)耗;另外，鋁(lv)(lv)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)消耗的是鋁(lv)(lv)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)結束(shu)的時候(hou)需要重新安裝鋁(lv)(lv)等都極(ji)大地阻礙了鋁(lv)(lv)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的商業化發(fa)展。并且在(zai)車載應用方面來說，鋁(lv)(lv)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)依然是一(yi)個未知數(shu)，甚至還(huan)比(bi)不(bu)上氫(qing)燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

鋁(lv)空氣電(dian)(dian)池的(de)化學(xue)反應與鋅空氣電(dian)(dian)池類(lei)似(si)，鋁(lv)空氣電(dian)(dian)池以(yi)高(gao)純度鋁(lv)Al(含鋁(lv)99.99%)為負(fu)極、氧為正極，以(yi)氫氧化鉀(KOH)或氫氧化鈉(NaOH)水(shui)溶液為電(dian)(dian)解質。鋁(lv)攝(she)取空氣中的(de)氧，在電(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)時產生(sheng)化學(xue)反應，鋁(lv)和氧作(zuo)用轉(zhuan)化為氧化鋁(lv)。

電池是實際比能量高達 300~400Wh/κg 且(qie)對環境非常友好的優秀電池;電池結

構(gou)和材料可(ke)根據(ju)實際環境和要求而(er)變(bian)動,具(ju)有很大的適應性;它既可(ke)用于陸上又可(ke)

用于深海,既可用作動力電池(chi),又(you)是長壽命高比能(neng)的信號電池(chi)。

鋁空氣電池的特：

A比能量高,電池理論比能量可(ke)達(da)(da) 2290wh/kg 目前實際上(shang)已經達(da)(da)到 300~400wh/kg

這一數(shu)值遠(yuan)高于(yu)當今各(ge)種電(dian)池的比(bi)能量。雖(sui)然(ran)電(dian)池的比(bi)能量與此相(xiang)當,但其安全(quan)性不好

使它無法(fa)用(yong)于動(dong)力電池

B.比功率中等,達到 50~200w/kg 這一(yi)特性顯然是由氧電(dian)極(ji)所(suo)決(jue)定(ding)的。因(yin)為氧電(dian)極(ji)

的工作電(dian)位遠離其(qi)熱力學平衡(heng)電(dian)位。其(qi)交換電(dian)流密度很小,電(dian)池放電(dian)時極化很大。氫氧(yang)燃料(liao)電(dian)池的比(bi)功率不高,其(qi)原因也在于(yu)

C.使用壽命(ming)達到 3~4年。這也取決于(yu)氧(yang)電(dian)極(ji)的工作壽命(ming),因為鋁電(dian)極(ji)是可以不斷

換的

D.無毒、無有害氣體,不污染(ran)環境。電(dian)池反應消耗鋁、氧和(he)水(shui),生成。后者是當(dang)今用

于污水處理(li)的優昇沉淀劑

E.設(she)計成電解液循環和不循環兩種結(jie)構形式(shi),便于(yu)因(yin)使用場合不同(tong)而進行設(she)計;

F.鋁資源豐富,原料(liao)充足(zu)

鋁空氣電池的工作(zuo)原理

鋁(lv)空(kong)氣電(dian)池的負(fu)極(ji)是鋁(lv)合金,在電(dian)池放電(dian)時被不斷消耗,并生(sheng)成(cheng);正極(ji)是多(duo)孔性(xing)氧電(dian)極(ji),跟氫氧燃料電(dian)池的氧電(dian)極(ji)相同,電(dian)池放電(dian)時界進入電(dian)極(ji)的氧(空(kong)氣)發生(sheng)電(dian)化學反應

生威;電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)可分為(wei)(wei)兩種,其一(yi)為(wei)(wei)中性濬液(ye)〔或水濬液(ye)或海(hai)水),一(yi)種昰(shi)堿性濬液(ye)。