在鋰離子電池生產制造過程中，電池的化成工序是電池制造的重要環節，通常我們需要3-7天完成鋰離子電池的浸潤和化成，同時為了剔除漏電流過大的鋰離子電池，在完成化成后還需要進行2周左右的老化，這一過程占成本很高一部分，同時要占據約28%的生產場地。因此縮短鋰離子電池化成時間將是節約電池制造成本的一個有效辦法，那么具體怎么辦呢？

縮短鋰離子(zi)電池(chi)化成時間是在不影響電池(chi)原(yuan)有性能(neng)的(de)(de)前提(ti)下(xia)，盡可能(neng)提(ti)升(sheng)鋰離子(zi)電池(chi)的(de)(de)循環性能(neng)進行的(de)(de)。通(tong)常需要從兩個方面進行著手：

 1、電解液的浸(jin)潤

電解液與活性物質充分接觸是鋰離子電池電極表面形成均勻、致密的SEI膜的基本要求。溫度對化學物質的活性有一定的積極影響，因此溫度提高到40-60℃可以有效降低電解液與活性物質的接觸角，促進電解液進入到電極的內部的微孔之中，提升電解液的浸潤效果。為了保證鋰離子電池的浸潤效果和減少浸潤過程中的銅箔腐蝕現象，除了設計多步的浸潤工藝外，還會在注液后對電池進行預充電，以降低負極的電勢，減少負極銅箔溶解的風險。

2、鋰(li)離子電池的化成

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)化成的過(guo)程(cheng)實際上(shang)是對(dui)鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)首次(ci)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的過(guo)程(cheng)，為了保(bao)證在負(fu)極表面(mian)(mian)形成均勻(yun)、致(zhi)密(mi)的SEI膜(mo)，通常化成過(guo)程(cheng)會采(cai)用非常小的電(dian)(dian)流對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，以降(jiang)低(di)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)膜(mo)的成膜(mo)速度，從而使(shi)得形成的界(jie)面(mian)(mian)膜(mo)更加致(zhi)密(mi)。

在完成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)浸潤和化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)將漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流較大的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)剔除，通常還需要對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)行1-2周的老化(hua)篩選(xuan)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)剛剛化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)結束時鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)部(bu)的漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通常在20-50uA/cm2，在經(jing)過(guo)幾(ji)個小時的穩(wen)定后(hou)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會下(xia)降到(dao)2-5uA/cm2，在經(jing)過(guo)數(shu)周后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)部(bu)的漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會下(xia)降到(dao)1uA/cm2以下(xia)。但(dan)是部(bu)分鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)制造(zao)(zao)缺(que)陷和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液雜質等因(yin)素導致(zhi)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會持續較高，一旦進(jin)入(ru)組(zu)(zu)合之中(zhong)會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)之間(jian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓偏差過(guo)大，影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)的性(xing)能，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)保證組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的一致(zhi)性(xing)，需要通過(guo)篩選(xuan)將這部(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)行剔除。

為(wei)了(le)壓縮(suo)(suo)化(hua)(hua)成(cheng)時間，在首先(xian)以(yi)較大的(de)電(dian)流（1C）將(jiang)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)到3.9V，然(ran)后(hou)以(yi)C/5倍率(lv)在3.9-4.2V的(de)范圍(wei)內對鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行充(chong)放電(dian)循環，最后(hou)將(jiang)電(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)到3.0V，相比于以(yi)0.05C倍率(lv)進(jin)行3次循環，該制(zhi)度下電(dian)池(chi)的(de)化(hua)(hua)成(cheng)時間僅需要14h，化(hua)(hua)成(cheng)速(su)(su)度提高8.5倍。這樣雖然(ran)大幅壓縮(suo)(suo)了(le)化(hua)(hua)成(cheng)時間，但(dan)是卻導致電(dian)池(chi)的(de)容量(liang)發(fa)揮有(you)所降低(di)，快速(su)(su)化(hua)(hua)度使(shi)得電(dian)池(chi)的(de)容量(liang)降低(di)了(le)13%，而如果我們將(jiang)低(di)電(dian)壓范圍(wei)內快速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)電(dian)流降低(di)到0.2C或0.33C，則電(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)極的(de)比容量(liang)會比0.05C化(hua)(hua)成(cheng)下降12mAh/g（7%）。

一(yi)些先進的電(dian)池(chi)技(ji)術(shu)，例如原子層(ceng)沉(chen)積(ji)技(ji)術(shu)（ALD），使得進一(yi)步的壓縮浸潤(run)和化成時間(jian)成為可能，研究表(biao)明通過在正負(fu)(fu)極材料表(biao)面(mian)增加(jia)原子層(ceng)沉(chen)積(ji)層(ceng)能夠將化成時間(jian)進一(yi)步壓縮到10h以(yi)內(nei)，甚(shen)至(zhi)可以(yi)直接采用原子層(ceng)沉(chen)積(ji)技(ji)術(shu)直接在正負(fu)(fu)極表(biao)明生成SEI膜(mo)，取代傳統意義上的SEI膜(mo)，從而進一(yi)步減少(shao)化成所(suo)需要的時間(jian)。

研(yan)究表明通(tong)過負極高電(dian)(dian)勢階(jie)段采(cai)用較(jiao)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流，在較(jiao)低(di)電(dian)(dian)勢下采(cai)用較(jiao)小電(dian)(dian)流進行化(hua)成，可以有效的(de)壓(ya)縮(suo)化(hua)成時間(jian)，該方法在化(hua)成階(jie)段能夠(gou)部分的(de)形成SEI膜，在鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用過程中(zhong)最(zui)(zui)終(zhong)完成SEI膜的(de)構建，對最(zui)(zui)終(zhong)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)循環(huan)性能沒有顯(xian)著的(de)影響。