鋰離子電池的容量

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量有額定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量和(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)容(rong)(rong)量之分。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在環(huan)境溫度為20℃±5℃條件下(xia)(xia)，以5h率放電(dian)(dian)(dian)至終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時所應(ying)(ying)提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量，用(yong)C5表示(shi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)容(rong)(rong)量是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)條件下(xia)(xia)所放出的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量，主(zhu)要受(shou)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)倍率和(he)(he)溫度的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)（故(gu)嚴格來(lai)講，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)(rong)量應(ying)(ying)指明充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)條件）。容(rong)(rong)量單位(wei)：mAh、Ah（1Ah=1000mAh）。

鋰離子(zi)電池電池內阻

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在工(gong)作時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)部所受到的阻(zu)(zu)力(li)。有歐姆內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)與(yu)極化內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)兩(liang)部分組成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)值大，會(hui)導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降低，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間縮短。內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)大小主要受電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的材料、制造工(gong)藝(yi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)結構等(deng)因素的影(ying)響(xiang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)是衡量電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)性能的一個重要參數。

鋰離子電池(chi)的電壓

開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在非(fei)工作(zuo)狀態下即電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中無電(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過時，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正負極之間的電(dian)(dian)勢差。一般(ban)情況下，鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充滿電(dian)(dian)后開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)4.1-4.2V左右(you)，放電(dian)(dian)后開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)3.0V左右(you)。通過對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的檢測，可以判斷電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的荷電(dian)(dian)狀態。

工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)又(you)稱端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，是(shi)指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在工(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態下即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)過時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池正負(fu)極之間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態下，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部(bu)時，不(bu)需克服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的內阻所造成(cheng)阻力，故(gu)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)總是(shi)低于開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時則與之相反(fan)。鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)在3.6V左(zuo)右。

鋰(li)離(li)子電池的放電平(ping)臺(tai)時間(jian)

放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)臺(tai)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)是(shi)指(zhi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況下(xia)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至某電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。例(li)對某三元電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)測量其3.6V的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)臺(tai)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，以恒壓充(chong)(chong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為4.2V，并且充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小于0.02C時(shi)(shi)停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)即充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，然后(hou)擱置10分鐘，在任何倍(bei)率的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流下(xia)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至3.6V時(shi)(shi)的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)即為該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流下(xia)的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)臺(tai)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。因某些使用鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓都(dou)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓要求(qiu)，如(ru)果低于要求(qiu)值，則會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)無法工作的(de)情況。所以放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)臺(tai)是(shi)衡(heng)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能好(hao)壞的(de)重要標(biao)準之一。

鋰離子(zi)電池的充放電倍率(lv)

充放電倍(bei)率(lv)是指電池在(zai)規定的時(shi)間內放出(chu)其額定容(rong)量時(shi)所需要(yao)的電流值，1C在(zai)數值上等于(yu)電池額定容(rong)量，通(tong)常以字母C表示。如電池的標稱(cheng)額定容(rong)量為10Ah，則10A為1C（1倍(bei)率(lv)），5A則為0.5C，100A為10C，以此(ci)類推。

鋰離子電(dian)池的(de)自放電(dian)率

自放電(dian)率又(you)稱荷(he)電(dian)保持(chi)能力，是指電(dian)池在開(kai)路狀態下(xia)，電(dian)池所儲(chu)存的(de)電(dian)量(liang)在一定條(tiao)件下(xia)的(de)保持(chi)能力。主(zhu)要受電(dian)池的(de)制(zhi)造工藝(yi)、材料、儲(chu)存條(tiao)件等因素(su)的(de)影響。是衡量(liang)電(dian)池性能的(de)重要參數。

鋰離子(zi)電池的充放(fang)電效率

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中所(suo)消耗的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)化成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池所(suo)能(neng)儲(chu)存的化學能(neng)程(cheng)度(du)的量度(du)。主(zhu)要(yao)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池工(gong)藝，配方及電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的工(gong)作(zuo)環境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)影響(xiang)，一般(ban)環境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)越(yue)高(gao)，則充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率要(yao)低。

放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)是(shi)指(zhi)在一定的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條件下放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)終點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓所(suo)放(fang)出的實(shi)際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的額定容量之比，主要受(shou)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)倍(bei)率(lv)(lv)，環境溫度，內(nei)阻等因素(su)影響(xiang)，一般情況下，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)倍(bei)率(lv)(lv)越(yue)高，則(ze)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)越(yue)低(di)。溫度越(yue)低(di)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)越(yue)低(di)。

鋰離子電池的循環壽命

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)循(xun)環壽命是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)(rong)量下(xia)降(jiang)到某(mou)一規(gui)定的值時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在某(mou)一充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)制度下(xia)所經(jing)歷的充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次數。鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)GB規(gui)定，1C條件下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)循(xun)環500次后容(rong)(rong)量保持率在60%以上。