單節磷酸鐵鋰電池額定電壓平臺為3.2V，很明顯單節電池遠遠不能滿足電動汽車對動力電池電壓等級的需求。另一方面，目前生產的單體磷酸鐵鋰電池額定容量有限。以沃特瑪生產的圓柱體磷酸鐵鋰電池為例，作為國內磷酸鐵鋰能源解決方案優質供應商之一，其主要生產的單體磷酸鐵鋰電池額定容量不超過10Ah，很明顯單體電池的容量也遠不能滿足電動汽車對動力電池容量的需求。因此，磷酸鐵鋰電池在使用過程中往往建議采用先并聯后串聯的方式連接。

然而(er)，由于單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)生產過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)參數(shu)的(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)散性(xing)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組并、串聯使用(yong)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)隨著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)數(shu)的(de)增加，單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)間的(de)容量分(fen)(fen)(fen)散性(xing)會逐漸(jian)增大，從而(er)導致動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)下降和循環壽命縮(suo)短[-1，17-18]。為(wei)(wei)此，需對(dui)(dui)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組進行均衡充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，達(da)到降低單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不一(yi)(yi)致性(xing)的(de)影響，改善(shan)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車續駛(shi)里程。磷酸(suan)鐵鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是引(yin)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不安全(quan)行為(wei)(wei)的(de)最危(wei)險因素之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)不安全(quan)行為(wei)(wei)主要(yao)來至于所采用(yong)的(de)有(you)機溶液(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質。有(you)機溶液(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質因其不能(neng)(neng)(neng)做到像水(shui)溶液(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)水(shui)可實現(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)解(jie)與復(fu)合的(de)可逆過(guo)(guo)程，這也導致了其對(dui)(dui)過(guo)(guo)度(du)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)甚(shen)為(wei)(wei)反映(ying)強烈。為(wei)(wei)保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安全(quan)性(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組在(zai)實際應用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)均需配置專(zhuan)用(yong)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理，從而(er)避免(mian)單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并盡(jin)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組使用(yong)壽命。

單(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)在連接至單(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)兩端(duan)時(shi)(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)持續消(xiao)耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)。盡管(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)系統(tong)在工作或(huo)不工作時(shi)(shi)通過設置“低功耗”模(mo)式可降低功耗，但(dan)仍將(jiang)(jiang)消(xiao)耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，并且(qie)此(ci)時(shi)(shi)消(xiao)耗的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)將(jiang)(jiang)大于單(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)。對(dui)于長期擱置的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車而(er)言，即使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車不使(shi)用，但(dan)由(you)于單(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)仍并聯在單(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)上，將(jiang)(jiang)持續對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直至放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)損壞。因此(ci)，為了避免因單(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)損壞，需要設計相應的(de)自動(dong)(dong)掉(diao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低于設定的(de)截止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)可自動(dong)(dong)斷開相應的(de)單(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。