鎳氫電池設(she)計人員在明確(que)設(she)計任務(wu)和做好充分準備(bei)后(hou)，即可(ke)進行設(she)計。根據鎳氫電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)用戶要(yao)求，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)設(she)計的(de)(de)思路有(you)兩種(zhong)(zhong)：一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)為(wei)用電(dian)設(she)備(bei)和儀器提(ti)供額定(ding)容量的(de)(de)電(dian)源(yuan)；另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)則只是(shi)給定(ding)電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)外形尺(chi)寸(cun)，研制(zhi)開發(fa)性能(neng)優良的(de)(de)新規格(ge)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)或(huo)異形電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

鎳氫電池設計步驟：

（1）確定鎳氫電(dian)(dian)池組合中單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)池數目與工作電(dian)(dian)流密(mi)度。

a.根據用戶(hu)要求確定(ding)鎳氫電池組的工(gong)作(zuo)總(zong)電壓(ya)，工(gong)作(zuo)電流等指標(biao)，選定(ding)電池系列，參照該系列的“伏安(an)曲線”

（經驗(yan)數(shu)據或通過實(shi)驗(yan)所(suo)得）確定單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的工作電(dian)(dian)壓與(yu)工作電(dian)(dian)流密(mi)度。

b.確定電(dian)池組(zu)中單體電(dian)池數。單體電(dian)池數目=皇(huang)也(ye)組(zu)工作總電(dian)壓/單體電(dian)池電(dian)壓

（2）計(ji)算鎳氫(qing)電池容量

a.根據要求的工作電流和工作時間計(ji)算額定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)。

額定容(rong)量=工作電流(liu)×工作時間

b.確定設計容量。

設計容(rong)量=額定容(rong)量×設計系數(shu)

其(qi)中設計系數是為保(bao)證電池的(de)可靠性(xing)和使用壽命而(er)設定的(de)，一般取1.1~1.2。

（3）計算鎳(nie)氫電池活性物質的用量

a.控制電極的(de)活性(xing)物質用量。

單(dan)體電(dian)池中控制電(dian)極的活性物(wu)質用量(liang)=設計(ji)容量(liang)×電(dian)化當(dang)量(liang)/利用率

b.非(fei)控制電極的(de)活性(xing)物質用量。

單體電(dian)池中非控制電(dian)極的(de)活性物(wu)質用量=設計容量×電(dian)化當量×過剩系數/利用率

過剩系(xi)數(shu)一般(ban)在1~2之(zhi)間.如(ru)MI-Ni電池(chi)常取1.3~1.7。

（4）電極極片(pian)設計（確定(ding)電極總面積(ji)、電極數目、單(dan)片(pian)電極物質用量、單(dan)片(pian)電極厚(hou)度)。

a.根據工作電流(liu)(liu)和選定的工作電流(liu)(liu)密度(du)，計算(suan)電極總面積（以控制電極為準）。

電(dian)(dian)極總面積=工作電(dian)(dian)流/工作電(dian)(dian)流密(mi)度

b.根據電(dian)(dian)池外形(xing)最大尺寸(cun)，選擇合適(shi)的電(dian)(dian)極(ji)尺寸(cun)，計算電(dian)(dian)極(ji)數目。

電極數(shu)目=電極總面積/極片面積

c.根據單體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)正負極(ji)活性物質用量和(he)電(dian)極(ji)數目計算單片(pian)電(dian)極(ji)活性物質用量。

單片(pian)正（負）極(ji)物質用量(liang)=單體(ti)電池中正負極(ji)物質用量(liang)/單體(ti)正（負）極(ji)片(pian)數目(mu)

d.確定(ding)單片電極厚度

每片(pian)正負服物質用量集(ji)流網(wang)厚度

正(zheng)（負(fu)）極(ji)(ji)片(pian)(pian)的平均厚度=每(mei)片(pian)(pian)正(zheng)（負(fu)）極(ji)(ji)物(wu)質用量/（物(wu)質密(mi)度×極(ji)(ji)片(pian)(pian)面積×（1-孔率））+集流網厚度

其中(zhong)，集流網(wang)厚(hou)度=網(wang)格重(zhong)量/（質密(mi)度×網(wang)格面積(ji)）

（5）電(dian)池隔膜(mo)材料的選擇及厚度、層數的確(que)定

根據(ju)(ju)電(dian)池(chi)系(xi)列及設計(ji)要求(qiu)選定合適的電(dian)池(chi)隔膜材料及厚度(du)，依據(ju)(ju)具(ju)體設計(ji)確(que)定所需隔膜層數(shu)。

（6）確(que)定電解液的濃度及用量

根據選定的(de)電池系列的(de)特性，結合具體電池設(she)計的(de)要求和使用(yong)條件(jian)（如工(gong)作(zuo)電流、工(gong)作(zuo)溫度、循環性能等）或根據經驗數(shu)據來(lai)確定電解液(ye)的(de)濃(nong)度和用(yong)量。

電解液的用(yong)量以保證電池不泄漏情況下較多(duo)為好(hao)。

（7）確(que)定(ding)電池的松緊度(du)及單體電池尺寸

松緊度可通過以下公式來計算

松緊度(du)(du)(du)極片總厚度(du)(du)(du)+隔(ge)膜(mo)總厚度(du)(du)(du)×100%

電池內徑

對于圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形電池，亦通過(guo)橫截(jie)面(mian)積來(lai)計算

松緊(jin)度(du)極片(pian)總長度(du)極片(pian)厚(hou)度(du)+隔膜總長隔膜厚(hou)度(du)100%

電池橫截面積

電(dian)池橫截面積=T×d2

d為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)(nei)徑。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)松(song)緊度(du)(du)依據(ju)選定(ding)系列(lie)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)特(te)性及設計(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)厚(hou)度(du)(du)來(lai)確定(ding)，一般方形電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)經(jing)驗數據(ju)為85%左(zuo)右(you)。圓(yuan)(yuan)柱型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)可達95%左(zuo)右(you)，這是(shi)因為一般圓(yuan)(yuan)柱型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)比方形電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)耐內(nei)(nei)壓(ya)性能要好，方形電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在在內(nei)(nei)壓(ya)過高情(qing)況(kuang)比圓(yuan)(yuan)柱型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)更加(jia)容易鼓肚。選定(ding)松(song)緊度(du)(du)后，依照(zhao)以上公式可得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)(nei)徑，再根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)高度(du)(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液量及氣室容積等(deng)情(qing)況(kuang)可確定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)殼體的(de)(de)高度(du)(du)。