按(an)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)運行機理分。分為酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池和(he)堿性(xing)(xing)燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池；按(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質的(de)種類不同(tong)，有酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)、堿性(xing)(xing)、熔融鹽類或(huo)固(gu)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質：堿性(xing)(xing)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池（AFC）、質子交換膜氫(qing)(qing)(qing)燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池（PEMFC）、磷酸(suan)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池（PAFC）、熔融碳酸(suan)鹽氫(qing)(qing)(qing)燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池（MCFC）、固(gu)體氧化物氫(qing)(qing)(qing)燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池（SOFC）。

氫燃(ran)料電池(chi)(chi)按其工作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)度不同(tong)，把堿(jian)性燃(ran)料電池(chi)(chi)（AFC，100℃）固(gu)體高分子型質子交換膜燃(ran)料電池(chi)(chi)（PEMFC，100C以內(nei)）和磷酸型燃(ran)料電池(chi)(chi)（PAFC，200℃）稱為低溫(wen)(wen)燃(ran)料電池(chi)(chi)；把熔融碳酸鹽型燃(ran)料電池(chi)(chi)（MCFC，650℃）和固(gu)體氧(yang)化型燃(ran)料電池(chi)(chi)（SOFC，1000℃）稱為高溫(wen)(wen)燃(ran)料電池(chi)(chi)。

在(zai)可再生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)氫(qing)儲能(neng)應用中，重點關注(zhu)使用純(chun)氫(qing)作為燃(ran)料的(de)固體高分子型質子交換(huan)(huan)膜(mo)燃(ran)料電池（PEMFC）。它具有高功率密度、高能(neng)量轉換(huan)(huan)效率、低溫(wen)啟動、環保等優點。

氫(qing)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)(ke)依據其(qi)工(gong)作溫度、所用燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)類(lei)(lei)型進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)。按(an)照工(gong)作溫度，燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為高、中(zhong)、低溫型三類(lei)(lei)。按(an)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)來源(yuan)，燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為直接式燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（如直接甲醇(chun)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)），間接式燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（如甲醇(chun)通過重整器產生氫(qing)氣(qi)(qi)，然(ran)后(hou)以氫(qing)氣(qi)(qi)為燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)）和再生類(lei)(lei)型進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)。依據電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)的不同，可(ke)(ke)將燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)分(fen)為堿性燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（AFC）、磷酸型燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（PAFC）、熔融碳酸鹽燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（MCFC）、固體氧化物燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（SOFC）及質(zhi)子(zi)交換膜燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（PEMFC）等。

各種氫燃料電池(chi)性(xing)能對比(bi)