1、免維護蓄電池（以下簡稱電瓶）在充電時基本不產生氣泡，可以在密封狀態下，省去了加酸等維護工作。但電瓶在充放電過程中要完全不產生氣體是不可能的，為了釋放氣體，電瓶不能完全密閉。撬開電瓶上部的塑料蓋板，就可以看到每個小電池上面都有一個用橡皮帽蓋上的加液孔，蓄電池的水分可以通過橡皮帽蒸發出去。即使電瓶不使用，水分也會蒸發，造成電瓶容量下降，嚴重時電瓶就會干枯而不能充放電。對于這種電瓶，只要向電瓶添加蒸餾水或純凈水，再進行幾次充放電循環，電瓶的大部分容量都可以恢復。例：一個12V7.2Ah電瓶，使用時間不長，充電到14V后進行放電，短路電流只有300多毫安。揭開上蓋檢查，液已近干枯，注入蒸餾水并進行充放電循環兩次，容量恢復到84%，已能正常工作。

2.電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)在(zai)(zai)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)的(de)硫(liu)酸(suan)濃(nong)度(du)和(he)(he)(he)和(he)(he)(he)比(bi)(bi)重下降，完(wan)全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)后，在(zai)(zai)15℃時(shi)的(de)比(bi)(bi)重降到1.11。一般(ban)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)比(bi)(bi)重上(shang)升，夏天充滿(man)電(dian)(dian)后的(de)比(bi)(bi)重為1.25~1.26，冬(dong)天為1.27~1.28。因(yin)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)處(chu)(chu)在(zai)(zai)密封狀態(tai)，在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)時(shi)，只能(neng)根據電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓來(lai)判斷(duan)是否已充好電(dian)(dian)或(huo)(huo)已放(fang)完(wan)電(dian)(dian)。6V和(he)(he)(he)12V電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充足電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)壓分別為6.8V~7V和(he)(he)(he)13.6V~14V，完(wan)全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，6V和(he)(he)(he)12V電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓分別為5.3V和(he)(he)(he)10.6V。電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)如果過度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)或(huo)(huo)長期處(chu)(chu)于半放(fang)電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)，電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)會(hui)硫(liu)化，硫(liu)化的(de)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)不能(neng)用(yong)添加蒸餾水和(he)(he)(he)常規充電(dian)(dian)的(de)方法(fa)來(lai)消(xiao)除，只有電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)硫(liu)酸(suan)的(de)濃(nong)度(du)比(bi)(bi)較低時(shi)充電(dian)(dian)，硫(liu)化才能(neng)消(xiao)除。

如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)硫化(hua)不(bu)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，容量(liang)下降(jiang)不(bu)多，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流（0.05A或更小）對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)長時間(jian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硫化(hua)比較嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，可(ke)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（6V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充(chong)(chong)到(dao)7V，12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充(chong)(chong)到(dao)14V），用(yong)(yong)注射器把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)出(chu)，然后(hou)注入蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)，以稀釋(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)1~2小時后(hou)再(zai)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，注入蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)復以上(shang)操作，直(zhi)到(dao)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)比重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)再(zai)顯(xian)著上(shang)升(sheng)時為止（一般2~3次即可(ke)）。此時盡(jin)量(liang)反電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)出(chu)，再(zai)根據環境溫(wen)度注入比重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為1.25~1.28的(de)(de)(de)(de)硫酸(suan)，放完電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)再(zai)充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。若比重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較小，可(ke)再(zai)次抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)并注入硫酸(suan)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)達到(dao)標準。注意注入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)宜(yi)多，待電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)內(nei)(nei)海綿狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質吸滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)即可(ke)，將多余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)出(chu)，修復工作即告完成。例：一個SonyBP603Ah電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)，是八十年(nian)代用(yong)(yong)于3/4英寸攝像(xiang)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)硫化(hua)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。采用(yong)(yong)上(shang)述方法修復后(hou)，容量(liang)恢復到(dao)2.2Ah。

3.有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)橋(qiao)或電(dian)池對外部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引出線出現斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)（多數情(qing)況是(shi)正(zheng)負極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引出線斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)），電(dian)瓶(ping)就(jiu)不能(neng)(neng)工作(zuo)了。變樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)瓶(ping)，只(zhi)有(you)把斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部位找(zhao)(zhao)到才能(neng)(neng)修復(fu)。采用(yong)上述(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)入鍍銅錢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)，用(yong)萬用(yong)表(biao)找(zhao)(zhao)到電(dian)壓不正(zheng)常或輸出電(dian)流較小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池，斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)點就(jiu)在該電(dian)池上。找(zhao)(zhao)到以后(hou)，在斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)(su)料蓋上開(kai)一個孔，孔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)以能(neng)(neng)用(yong)烙(luo)鐵(tie)伸入到斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)處進行(xing)焊接(jie)(jie)為(wei)度(du)，不宜(yi)太(tai)大。焊接(jie)(jie)好后(hou)，經檢查連(lian)接(jie)(jie)正(zheng)常，用(yong)塑(su)(su)料或環氧樹(shu)脂把打(da)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔封閉，再用(yong)上述(shu)方(fang)法(fa)進行(xing)復(fu)活(huo)，電(dian)瓶(ping)就(jiu)可(ke)以重新投入工作(zuo)了。

4.電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)內(nei)部如(ru)有短(duan)(duan)路故障(zhang)，可(ke)(ke)用低(di)壓大電(dian)(dian)流把(ba)短(duan)(duan)路點燒掉(diao)。如(ru)果出現(xian)活性物質(zhi)脫落（表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)抽出的(de)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)中有褐色物質(zhi)），說明電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)壽(shou)命已(yi)經完結，這類電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)就不必修理了。但(dan)如(ru)果僅是其中一(yi)兩(liang)(liang)個電(dian)(dian)池壽(shou)命終結，可(ke)(ke)把(ba)這一(yi)兩(liang)(liang)個電(dian)(dian)池短(duan)(duan)路起來，余(yu)下(xia)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池尚可(ke)(ke)作為(wei)較低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)繼續使用。

兩點說明

1.雜質（特別是鐵離子）對電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)的危害很大，會造成電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)自放電(dian)，縮短自身壽命。因(yin)此，在注入硫酸和水(shui)時，要注意純度。

2.比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)計(ji)(ji)是修復電(dian)瓶必不可少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工具(ju)，但市(shi)售的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)計(ji)(ji)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)時需(xu)要較多電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)，難以使用(yong)。筆(bi)(bi)者用(yong)中性筆(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)筆(bi)(bi)心和圓珠筆(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)筆(bi)(bi)帽做了(le)一個微型(xing)簡易比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)計(ji)(ji)：把(ba)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)計(ji)(ji)放在(zai)(zai)純(chun)水(shui)中，記(ji)下比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)計(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置，這是比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)1.00的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刻(ke)度位置；再把(ba)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)計(ji)(ji)放入已知濃度（在(zai)(zai)電(dian)瓶商(shang)店或維(wei)修店可買到稀硫(liu)酸(suan)，可請他們(men)準確(que)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)出硫(liu)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)，例如1.28）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)酸(suan)液(ye)中，記(ji)下比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)計(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)液(ye)面位置；將量(liang)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)1.00~1.28的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長度刻(ke)在(zai)(zai)紙上，再把(ba)1.00~1.28之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刻(ke)度28等分，比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)計(ji)(ji)就做成(cheng)了(le)。