隨著三元鋰電池技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷發(fa)(fa)展，能量(liang)(liang)密度(du)更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)元(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料逐漸替代了(le)穩定性(xing)(xing)更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)磷(lin)酸鐵鋰材(cai)(cai)料。雖然三(san)(san)元(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料為三(san)(san)元(yuan)鋰電(dian)池帶(dai)來了(le)更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)(liang)密度(du)，但是其熱(re)穩定性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全性(xing)(xing)能就(jiu)(jiu)變成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)更大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)挑戰，主要是高(gao)鎳材(cai)(cai)料在200℃度(du)左(zuo)右(you)就(jiu)(jiu)開始發(fa)(fa)生分解釋放(fang)O2，這也導致了(le)鋰電(dian)池鼓(gu)包(bao)，嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至會熱(re)失控發(fa)(fa)展成(cheng)(cheng)燃燒爆炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事故。

研究表(biao)明熱失控發展成燃燒(shao)爆(bao)炸主要是正極材料高溫分解(jie)(jie)產(chan)生O2與電解(jie)(jie)液(ye)氣化后產(chan)生的(de)混合(he)氣體(ti)噴出，再加上負(fu)極與電解(jie)(jie)液(ye)反應(ying)產(chan)生的(de)大量(liang)的(de)烷(wan)烴類氣體(ti)，氣體(ti)混合(he)后再高溫下自(zi)燃。

實(shi)驗(yan)中作者采用(yong)了兩種方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)觸(chu)發熱(re)(re)失(shi)(shi)控(kong)，第(di)一種是加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)的(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)下部增加(jia)(jia)一個熱(re)(re)板，對(dui)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)態的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進行加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)，觸(chu)發熱(re)(re)失(shi)(shi)控(kong)。第(di)二種方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)是采用(yong)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進行持(chi)續(xu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)的(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)觸(chu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)熱(re)(re)失(shi)(shi)控(kong)。可以(yi)分為(wei)五個步驟(zou)：1.加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)鼓(gu)包；2.一端(duan)爆(bao)噴(pen)；3.另(ling)一段爆(bao)噴(pen)；4.安(an)(an)靜(jing)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)；5. 結束。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)測試(shi)數據發現(xian)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)被(bei)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)到(dao)215.7 ℃時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)開始(shi)出(chu)現(xian)明顯的(de)鼓(gu)脹和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液爆(bao)噴(pen)現(xian)象，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)一端(duan)出(chu)現(xian)噴(pen)火(huo)。大約(yue)7s后(hou)(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)另(ling)一端(duan)也開始(shi)出(chu)現(xian)噴(pen)火(huo)，同時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)四周也開始(shi)破(po)裂(lie)，出(chu)現(xian)噴(pen)火(huo)，這一過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)持(chi)續(xu)了19s，最(zui)高(gao)溫度為(wei)720.1 ℃。隨后(hou)(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進入(ru)到(dao)安(an)(an)靜(jing)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)的(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，這一過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)持(chi)續(xu)了28s。在整個加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)的(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓基(ji)本無變化，直到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)出(chu)現(xian)爆(bao)噴(pen)后(hou)(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓突然下降(jiang)為(wei)0V，這表明無法通(tong)過(guo)(guo)檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓異常的(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)預警電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)熱(re)(re)失(shi)(shi)控(kong)而發生自燃(ran)爆(bao)炸事故。

盡管三元鋰電池在使(shi)用(yong)中增加(jia)了(le)許多種安(an)全保護措施(shi)，但是還是規避不了(le)會有偶然性發(fa)生手(shou)機自燃(ran)爆炸的原因。